中国安全科学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 131-139.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0621

• 安全工程技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

页岩油集输过程关键子系统风险评价及安全防控

王超杰1(), 刘宛欣1, 李凯1, 邹卓辰2, 徐长航1   

  1. 1 中国石油大学(华东) 机电工程学院,山东 青岛 266580
    2 云南省玉溪市新平彝族傣族自治县应急管理局,云南 玉溪 653499
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-14 修回日期:2024-08-18 出版日期:2024-11-28
  • 作者简介:

    王超杰 (1992—),男,河南商丘人,博士,副教授,主要从事非常规油气安全开采及灾害防治等方面的研究。E-mail:

    徐长航, 教授

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3009202)

Risk assessment and safety prevention and control of key subsystems in shale oil gathering and transportation process

WANG Chaojie1(), LIU Wanxin1, LI Kai1, ZOU Zhuochen2, XU Changhang1   

  1. 1 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao Shandong 266580, China
    2 Emergency Management Bureau of Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County, Yuxi Yunnan 653499, China
  • Received:2024-05-14 Revised:2024-08-18 Published:2024-11-28

摘要:

为提高页岩油集输过程的安全性,首先以过热蒸汽注入油页岩原位转化技术下的页岩油集输过程为评价对象,分析页岩油集输过程中的危险源,将整个集输过程分为3个子系统,利用危险性与可操作性分析(HAZOP)法定性分析各子系统的风险,并根据定性分析结果,利用保护层分析法(LOPA)和火灾爆炸指数法(F&EI)计算各子系统发生火灾爆炸事故的概率与危险等级;然后划分页岩油集输过程的节点,对含有硫化氢的油气泄漏事故与净化后的油气泄漏事故分别建立蝴蝶结模型,并依据风险评价结果,制定有效的安全防控措施和风险管理体系。结果表明:油气集输过程可能引发事故的子系统有蒸汽发生系统、冷却分离系统、氨法脱硫系统与冷却分离系统,其中,蒸汽发生系统泄漏不会造成火灾爆炸事故,其余子系统的火灾爆炸风险程度由重到轻依次为:氨法脱硫系统、冷却分离系统、提气脱硫系统。

关键词: 页岩油, 油气集输过程, 关键子系统, 风险评价, 安全防控, 原位转化技术

Abstract:

In order to improve the safety of the shale oil gathering and transportation process, this paper took the shale oil gathering and transportation process under the in-situ transformation technology of superheated steam injection of oil shale as the evaluation object. In the process of shale oil gathering and transportation, the hazard were analyzed and the whole process was divided into three subsystems. The risk of each subsystem was analyzed qualitatively by using hazard and operability analysis(HAZOP) method. According to the results of the qualitative analysis, the probability of fire and explosion accidents and the risk grade of each subsystem were calculated by using layer of protection analysis(LOPA) and Dow fire and explosion index(F&EI) method. The nodes of shale oil gathering and transportation process were divided, and Bow-tie models for oil and gas leakage accidents containing hydrogen sulfide and oil and gas leakage accidents after purification were established respectively. Based on results of risk assessment, effective safety prevention and control measures were developed. The results show that the subsystems that may cause accidents in the oil and gas gathering and transportation process are: steam generation system, cooling separation system, ammonia desulfurization system and cooling separation system, in which the leakage of the steam generation system will not cause fire and explosion accidents, and the fire and explosion risk grades of the remaining subsystems are: ammonia desulfurization system, cooling separation system and gas extraction and desulfurization system in order from heavy to light.

Key words: shale oil, oil and gas gathering and transportation, critical subsystem, risk assessment, safety prevention, in-situ conversion technology

中图分类号: