灭火弹爆炸过程及灭火剂抛洒特性研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0400

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入研究无人机(UAV)竖直投放灭火弹的引爆效果,提升灭火弹灭火效率,利用ANSYS Workbench软件建立灭火弹有限元模型,模拟灭火剂的爆炸抛洒过程,明确不同引爆高度对灭火剂抛洒特性的影响;同时开展不同引爆高度下UAV竖直投放灭火弹的全尺寸试验。结果表明:灭火弹爆炸过程、灭火剂抛洒过程与灭火剂铺展半径等仿真数据与全尺寸试验结果吻合度良好。灭火弹爆炸后,灭火剂在空中呈锥形弥散,在水平方向上铺展均匀,铺展形状大致为圆形;随着引爆高度增加,灭火剂落地时间延长,灭火剂水平速度减小,落地时间的延长相对于水平速度的降低起到主导作用,导致灭火剂铺展半径随引爆高度增加而增加。当灭火弹引爆高度从5 m增加至12 m时,灭火剂铺展半径数值模拟计算数据由2.04 m增大至3.56 m,数值模拟计算数据与试验数据的误差均在5%以内。

关键词: 灭火弹, 爆炸过程, 灭火剂, 抛洒特性, 无人机(UAV), 数值模拟, 铺展半径

Abstract:

In order to further study the detonating effect of UAV, and improve the fire extinguishing efficiency of fire bombs, ANSYS Workbench software was used to establish a finite element model of fire bombs, and the explosion and dispersion process of fire extinguishing agent was simulated to clarify the impact of different detonation heights on the dispersion characteristics of fire extinguishing agent. Meanwhile, full-scale experiments on the vertical dropping of fire extinguishing bombs by unmanned aerial vehicles at different detonation heights were conducted. The results show that the simulation data such as the explosion process of fire extinguishing bomb, the throwing process of fire extinguishing agent and the spreading radius of fire extinguishing agent are in good agreement with the full-scale test results. After the fire extinguishing bomb explodes, the extinguishing agent disperses in the air in a cone shape and spread evenly in the horizontal direction, and the spreading shape is roughly circular. With the increase of detonation height, the landing time of fire extinguishing agent increases, and the horizontal velocity of fire extinguishing agent decreases. The increase of landing time plays a dominant role relative to the decrease of horizontal velocity, resulting in the increase of the spreading radius of fire extinguishing agent with the increase of detonation height. When the detonation height of the fire extinguishing bomb increases from 5 to 12 m, the numerical simulation data of the fire extinguishing agent spread radius increases from 2.04 to 3.56 m, and the error between the numerical simulation data and the experimental data is within 5%.

Key words: fire extinguishing bomb, explosion process, fire extinguishing agent, scattering characteristics, unmanned air vehicle (UAV), numerical simulation, spreading radius

中图分类号:

李聪, 何泽群, 杨高豪, 许文博, 王悦朋. 灭火弹爆炸过程及灭火剂抛洒特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(3): 107-114.

LI Cong, HE Zequn, YANG Gaohao, XU Wenbo, WANG Yuepeng. Research on explosion process of fire extinguishing bombs and scattering characteristics of fire extinguishing agents[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(3): 107-114.

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工况序号	灭火弹引爆高度/m	垂直初速度/(m·s^-1)
1	12	21.23
2	10	22.14
3	8	23.00
4	6	23.84
5	5	24.25

密度/(kg·m^-3)	爆速/(m·s^-1)	爆压/Pa	A/Pa
1 630	6 930	2.1×10¹⁰	3.738×10¹¹
B/Pa	R₁	R₂	w
3.747×10⁹	4.15	0.9	0.35

ρ₀/(kg·m^-3)	v/(m·s^-1)	γ₀	S₁
1 000	1 480	0.49	2.56
S₂	S₃	a	—
-1.986	0.228 6	1.397	—

密度/(kg·m^-3)	热膨胀系数/ ℃^-1	杨氏模量/Pa
1 392	1.273×10^-4	2.861×10⁹
泊松比	拉伸屈服强度/Pa	拉伸极限强度/Pa
0.4	4.671×10⁷	4.671×10⁷

引爆高度/m	试验数据/m	数值模拟计算数据/m
5.00	2.28	2.04
6.00	2.36	2.33
8.00	2.46	2.57
10.00	2.82	3.11
12.00	3.70	3.56