高层建筑不同外保温立面结构火蔓延模拟研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1692

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确高层建筑外保温立面结构与火灾蔓延的关系,采用Pyrosim火灾仿真软件,研究不同外保温立面结构对高层建筑火蔓延的影响。结果表明:高层建筑外立面火蔓延过程中,不同外立面结构保温系统随其结构空间受限程度的增大,正面空气卷吸能力减小,热释放速率降低,但其烟囱效应显著增强、烟气流速更快,导致竖向火蔓延速度加快;铝板幕墙结构保温系统随其空气层厚度的增加,温度和烟气流速先增大后呈现较大波动;外墙保温系统性能的老化将增加高层建筑外立面火灾风险。

关键词: 高层建筑, 外立面结构, 火蔓延, 数值模拟, 外墙保温

Abstract:

In order to clarify the relationship between the exterior insulation facade structure and fire spread in high-rise buildings, Pyrosim fire simulation software was used to study the impact of different exterior insulation facade structures on fire spread in high-rise buildings. The results show that during the process of fire spread on the exterior facade of high-rise buildings, the insulation systems of different exterior facade structures reduce the air entrainment capacity and heat release rate as the degree of structural space limitation increases. However, their chimney effect is significantly enhanced, and the smoke flow rate is faster, leading to an accelerated vertical fire spread speed. As the thickness of the air layer increases, the temperature and smoke flow rate of the aluminum curtain wall structure insulation system first increase and then show significant fluctuations. The aging of the performance of the external wall insulation system will increase the risk of fire on the exterior facade of high-rise buildings.

Key words: high rise buildings, facade structure, fire spread, numerical simulation, external wall insulation

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

张颖, 黄国洪, 龙雨娇. 高层建筑不同外保温立面结构火蔓延模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(5): 122-128.

ZHANG Ying, HUANG Guohong, LONG Yujiao. Simulation study on fire spread of different exterior insulation facade structures in high rise buildings[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(5): 122-128.

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外立面结构	X或 R/m	Y / m
平面	—	—
凹面1.0	1.0	1.0
凹面2.0	0.6	1.2
凸弧形1.0	1.0	—
凸弧形1.5	1.5
凸弧形2.0	2.0

网格单元格尺寸/m	网格数量/个	不同高度(中心线)探测点的温度/℃					平均误差/%
网格单元格尺寸/m	网格数量/个	4 m	10 m	16 m	22 m	28 m	平均误差/%
0.09	113 520	897.1	897.7	899.0	797.6	843.3	—
0.10	89 280	885.5	882.5	924.2	911.3	850.4	4.1
0.12	51 600	810.8	886.2	922.0	875.2	891.0	5.7
0.14	27 846	825.5	896.0	829.8	749.5	724.2	7.2

外立面结构	最大热释放速率/kW	火焰达到顶部的时间/s	最高温度/℃
平面	35 877	20.2	1 006
凹面1.0	28 313	15.9	950
凹面2.0	19 100	15.2	1 121
凸弧形	51 550	20.7	1 014

EPS使用时间/a	导热系数/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	燃点/ ℃	阻燃剂占 EPS含量/%	老化降解
1	0.041	450	1.0	无变化
10	0.044	400	0.5	降解1/2
25	0.050	100	0	基本完全降解