高海拔长大水工隧洞群挡烟垂壁控烟机制

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.1283

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 58-66.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.1283

高海拔长大水工隧洞群挡烟垂壁控烟机制

夏勇¹(), 安瑞楠²^,³, 张伟锋¹, 张超¹, 何坤¹, 林鹏²^,⁴^,^**()

¹ 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司, 四川成都 610072
² 清华大学水利水电工程系,北京 100084
³ 火箭军研究院,北京 100011
⁴ 清华四川能源互联网研究院,四川成都 610213

收稿日期:2023-10-29 修回日期:2024-01-27 出版日期:2024-04-28
通讯作者:
**林鹏(1972—),男,湖北黄冈人,博士,教授,主要从事水工结构、水电智能建造、火灾安全等方面的研究与教学工作。E-mail: celinpe@tsinghua.edu.cn。
作者简介:
夏勇 (1968—),男,四川泸州人,博士,正高级工程师,总工程师,主要从事水力学及河流动力学、水电智能建设及安全等方面工作。E-mail: Xyong@chidi.com.cn。
张伟锋工程师
张超工程师
何坤工程师
基金资助:
中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司项目(CD2C20221923); 西藏自治区清洁能源科技重大专项项目(XZ202201ZD0003G)

Fire control mechanism of smoke barrier for long and large hydraulic tunnel group in high altitude areas

XIA Yong¹(), AN Ruinan²^,³, ZHANG Weifeng¹, ZHANG Chao¹, HE Kun¹, LIN Peng²^,⁴^,^**()

¹ Hydro China Chengdu Engineering Corporation, Chengdu Sichuan 610072, China
² Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
³ Rocket Force Academy, Beijing 100011, China
⁴ Sichuan Engineering Internet Research Institute Tsinghua University, Chengdu Sichuan 610213, China

Received:2023-10-29 Revised:2024-01-27 Published:2024-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对长大水工隧洞群施工期火灾疏散救援难和挡烟垂壁作用机制不清晰的挑战,采用数值模拟方法对大型棋盘状隧洞群通风网络火灾烟气蔓延特征及控烟机制开展系统研究,包括烟气扩散路径及能见度分布,设置挡烟垂壁对烟气扩散速度、能见度及温度的影响及控烟效果。结果表明:火灾后烟气首先沿单一隧洞轴线双向传播,扩散至施工支洞时部分支路产生烟气逆转、逆退现象,500 s计算时长内烟气几乎充满整个通风网络,烟气层与下层空气的分层界面不稳定,网络交汇处烟气层高度明显降低。设置挡烟垂壁对烟气沿隧洞轴向传播具有促进作用,效果随传播距离增长而减弱;对烟气沿施工支洞轴线传播具有累积阻滞作用;挡烟垂壁对烟气温度的影响随扩散距离增加不断减弱;挡烟垂壁前方形成储烟池,增强烟气逆流程度,后方为烟气减速增压区,烟气层升高。

关键词: 高海拔, 隧洞群, 挡烟垂壁, 控烟, 通风网络, 数值模拟

Abstract:

To face the challenges of evacuation and rescue of fires in large hydraulic tunnel group and the unclear control mechanism of smoke barrier, numerical simulation was employed to analyze smoke spreading law and fire control mechanism of smoke barrier. The smoke spreading path and the visibility distribution were analyzed. The impact of installing smoke barrier walls on smoke spreading speed, visibility and temperature was studied, and the effectiveness of smoke control measures was evaluated. The results show that the smoke initially spreads along a single two-way direction, and is affected by ventilation airflow when reaching branch tunnel with smoke reversal, retrogression and increased intrusion range. Smoke fills the whole ventilation network within 500 s, the stratification interface between the smoke layer and the lower air layer is unstable, and the height of the smoke layer at the intersection decreases more significantly. The smoke barrier can promote smoke propagation along the diversion tunnel, and the effect decreases with the increase of propagation distance. It has cumulative blocking characteristics along the tunnel direction of the construction branch. The influence of the smoke barrier leads to the temperature decreasing as the diffusion length increases. A smoke storage pool is formed in front of the smoke barrier to enhance the degree of backflow of smoke. Behind it is the smoke deceleration and pressurization area, and the smoke layer rises.

Key words: high altitude, tunnel group, smoke barrier, smoke control, ventilation network, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

X928.7火灾与爆炸事故

夏勇, 安瑞楠, 张伟锋, 张超, 何坤, 林鹏. 高海拔长大水工隧洞群挡烟垂壁控烟机制[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(4): 58-66.

XIA Yong, AN Ruinan, ZHANG Weifeng, ZHANG Chao, HE Kun, LIN Peng. Fire control mechanism of smoke barrier for long and large hydraulic tunnel group in high altitude areas[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(4): 58-66.

图/表 12

图1

表1

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

表3

监测点烟气温降平均值

监测点		温度/℃
监测点		h=7 m	h=8 m	h=9 m	h=10 m
A1	$t 0$	14.96	15.39	17.44	22.71
A1	Δt	0.12	-0.02	0.43	0.48
A2	$t 0$	17.52	18.65	25.09	32.10
A2	Δt	0.00	0.03	3.13	1.82
A3	$t 0$	29.68	41.27	63.41	78.41
A3	Δt	1.80	-0.81	-5.39	-13.65
A5	$t 0$	46.27	52.70	54.43	57.86
A5	Δt	-0.67	-4.26	-4.57	-4.08

表3

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类别	编号	位置坐标/m
监测点	A1	x	y	h
	A2	-180	37.5	7
	A3	-120	37.5	7
	A4	-60	37.5	7
	A5	-120	80	7
	A5	-60	80	7
监测面	L1	y=0, -200≤x≤300, 0≤h≤11.5
监测面	L2	x=0, -65≤y≤90, 0≤h≤10

项目	参数
计算时长/s	500
混凝土壁面热参数	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	比热容/ (kJ·(kg^-1·K^-1)	导热系数/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)
混凝土壁面热参数	2280	1.04	1.8
火源	类型	火源功率/MW	位置
火源	超快速增长	10	3号隧洞轴线
环境参数	气压/Pa		温度/℃
环境参数	71 921		10.7
发烟量/%		19.8^[22]
CO产生量/%		10^[23]
通风速度/(m·s^-1)		2
挡烟垂壁	高度/m	与火源距离/m
挡烟垂壁	1.5	10, 15, 20, 30

高海拔长大水工隧洞群挡烟垂壁控烟机制

Fire control mechanism of smoke barrier for long and large hydraulic tunnel group in high altitude areas

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