地铁停车线区域通风排烟模式研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.07.1083

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确复杂结构、多排烟系统联动作用下,地铁停车线区域火灾烟气扩散特性,优化停车线通风排烟策略,针对广州某停车线区域开展了火灾现场实验和数值模拟研究。首先,基于全尺寸火灾试验结果,获取停车线区域典型火灾场景下的烟气扩散和沉降特性,并测量停车线区域不同通风模式下的气流流速;随后,运用数值模拟方法对比多种排烟模式下的烟气控制效果,并分析隧道风机和射流风机排烟风量对烟气扩散特征的影响形式。研究结果表明:自然通风场景下,火灾烟气起火后180 s内即可进入区间隧道及配线隧道,而启动隧道风机排烟可以减缓烟气扩散速率和沉降速率,但隧道风速未达到临界风速时,无法控制烟气向外扩散;隧道风机排烟组合区间射流风机向停车线送风的工作模式是停车线区域最佳排烟模式,建议隧道风机采用2台60 m³/s风量风机,射流风机采用2台30 m³/s风量风机,可同时降低停车线区域、区间隧道及配线隧道区域的烟气扩散和沉降速率,延长各区域可用疏散时间。研究结果可用于指导停车线风机选型及排烟模式设计,提升停车线区域火灾烟气控制能力。

关键词: 地铁, 停车线, 通风排烟, 全尺寸试验, 数值模拟, 火灾

Abstract:

In order to analyze the fire smoke diffusion characteristics and optimal ventilation strategy in parking line areas under the interaction of complex structures and multiple ventilation systems, full-scale experiments and computer modeling were carried out on a parking line area in Guangzhou. Firstly, the smoke diffusion characteristics were acquired with a full-scale experiment. The airflow velocity was also measured during the experiment with various ventilation modes. Then, the smoke control performance of different ventilation modes was analyzed with numerical simulation. The impact of ventilation volume on smoke diffusion was discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: In the natural ventilation scenario, fire smoke would spread to the interval tunnel and siding area within 180 s after a fire. The use of tunnel ventilation fans could slow down the diffusion and settlement of smoke. But the longitudinal velocity is smaller than the critical velocity, which could not stop the smoke from spreading outside. The best smoke control performance is achieved by using a tunnel ventilation fan to exhaust smoke and an interval jet fan to supply air to the parking line. It is recommended to adopt the design of tunnel ventilation fans with 2 units of 60 m³/s air volume and jet fans with 2 units of 30 m³/s air volume to control the smoke diffusion and improve evacuation safety in the parking line, interval tunnel and siding area at the same time. The results can be used to guide the selection of fan parameters and the design of ventilation strategy in other parking line areas, which support improving the safety level of parking lines.

Key words: metro, parking line, mechanical ventilation, full-scale experiment, numerical simulation, fire

仇培云, 陈俊沣, 程辉航, 龙增, 钟茂华. 地铁停车线区域通风排烟模式研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(7): 156-163.

QIU Peiyun, CHEN Junfeng, CHENG Huihang, LONG Zeng, ZHONG Maohua. Study on regional ventilation and smoke exhaust mode of subway parking line[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(7): 156-163.

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工况编号	油盆数量	火源热释放速率/MW	通风模式	初始温度/℃	环境湿度/%
试验1	2	0.5	隧道风机排烟	27	93
试验2	3	0.75	隧道风机排烟	28.6	92
试验3	1	0.25	隧道风机排烟	27.4	86
试验4	3	0.75	自然通风	27.7	88

编号	场景属性	火源规模/MW	通风模式	隧道风机风量/(m³·s^-1)	射流风机风量/(m³·s^-1)
1	可靠性验证	0.75	隧道风机排烟	60	—
2	可靠性验证	0.75	自然通风	—	—
3	最佳排烟模式分析	7.5	隧道风机排烟+射流风机送风	60	10×2
4		7.5	隧道风机排烟 +射流风机排烟	60	10×2
5		7.5	隧道风机排烟	60	—
6		7.5	自然通风	—	—
7~13	临界排烟风量分析	7.5	最佳通风模式	60, 90, 120, 150, 180	10×2
14~19	临界排烟风量分析	7.5	最佳通风模式	烟气控制最佳风量	10×2, 20×2, 30×2