厚矿体采场跨度参数优化及稳定性研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.11.0167

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为兼顾厚矿体采场稳定性和开采经济性,并为同类工程的采场跨度设计提供参考,以某铜矿-200 m中段为工程背景,系统开展采场跨度参数及其稳定性研究。采用Mathews图解法分析采场稳定性,通过计算岩体稳定性指数和水力半径,得出维持采场稳定的采场跨度范围。基于此结果,设计4种不同采场跨度的模拟方案,运用有限差分软件数值模拟研究采场稳定性,对比分析各方案的顶板位移量和围岩塑性区特征。结果表明:当采场跨度从12 m增至18 m时,顶板垂直位移呈缓慢增长趋势,围岩塑性区体积呈波动变化;而采场跨度增至20 m时,顶板垂直位移大幅增加,围岩塑性区体积突增并出现贯通现象,直接威胁顶板稳定性;18 m为该铜矿-200 m中段的最优采场跨度参数;采场跨度设计应考虑矿体赋存条件、安全和效益等因素的影响。

关键词: 厚矿体, 采场跨度, 图解法, 数值模拟, 采场稳定性

Abstract:

To balance stope stability with mining economy and to inform stope span design in similar engineering projects, a comprehensive investigation was conducted on the stope span and its stability, using the -200 m level of a copper mine as a case study. The Mathews stability chart method was adopted to evaluate the stope stability by calculating the rock mass stability index and hydraulic radius, thereby defining a reasonable range of stable stope spans. Based on the analysis, four stope span scenarios were designed and numerically simulated using finite difference software to study the stope responses. Comparative analyses were performed on roof displacements and the characteristics of plastic zones in the surrounding rock. The results show that as the stope span increases from 12 m to 18 m, vertical displacement of the roof increases gradually, and the volume of the plastic zone fluctuates slightly. However, when the span reaches 20 m, a significant increase in roof displacement and a sudden expansion of the plastic zone which leads to through-going failure is observed, severely compromising roof stability. An optimal stope span of 18 m is recommended for the -200 m level of the copper mine. The stope span design of mining should consider the influence of factors such as orebody occurrence conditions, safety and efficiency.

Key words: thick orebody, stope span, graphical method, numerical simulation, stope stability

中图分类号:

X936

程朱哲. 厚矿体采场跨度参数优化及稳定性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(11): 107-113.

CHENG Zhuzhe. Optimization and stability research of span parameters for thick orebody mining sites[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(11): 107-113.

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岩体名称	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	抗压强度/ MPa	抗拉强度/ MPa	弹性模量/ GPa	黏聚力/ MPa	内摩擦角/ (°)	泊松比
围岩	2.84	42.3	10.2	20	4.2	20	0.22
矿体	3.42	57.74	15.26	30	6.5	35	0.24