地铁隧道软硬不均地层瞬变电磁场数值模拟及响应特征

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.12.0317

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对城市地铁盾构在软硬不均地层中施工面临的安全风险与地质灾害,研究地面瞬变电磁法在该类地层中进行超前探测的适用性与识别特征。以青岛某地铁区间为例,针对城市地铁埋深较浅(一般30~50 m)的特点,利用COMSOL有限元软件建立上软下硬的数值模型,通过模拟瞬变电磁响应过程,获取不同测点的电场响应结果及异常响应特征,并结合现场实测数据,对比验证数值模拟结果,总结地层软硬不均异常的判断依据。结果表明:地层软硬不均会引发电场响应显著变化,位于异常体正上方的测点响应曲线变化最为剧烈,衰减速率最大,地面瞬变电磁法可用于识别地层软硬不均的异常;电场衰减速度受介质性质及与异常区距离的共同影响,表现为近异常区衰减快、远异常区衰减慢的“凹槽现象”;视电阻率等值线图中隧道穿越处小范围内等值线波动幅度剧烈,软岩呈低阻异常,硬岩呈高阻异常,电阻率多呈现低阻至高阻或高阻至低阻的转换特征。

关键词: 地铁隧道, 软硬不均地层, 瞬变电磁, 数值模拟, 超前探测

Abstract:

To address the safety risks and geological hazards encountered during urban subway shield tunneling in soft-hard uneven strata, the applicability and identification characteristics of the surface transient electromagnetic method for advanced detection in such formations were investigated. Taking a metro section in Qingdao as an example, and considering the generally shallow burial depth of urban subways (typically 30-50 m), a numerical model of upper-soft and lower-hard strata was established using COMSOL finite element software. Through simulation of the transient electromagnetic response process, electric field response results and anomalous characteristics at different measurement points were obtained. Combined with field-measured data, the numerical simulation results were compared and validated, and the criteria for identifying soft-hard uneven anomalies in the strata were summarized. The results indicate that soft-hard uneven strata induce significant variations in the electric field response. The response curve at the measurement point directly above the anomalous body exhibits the most drastic changes and the fastest decay rate, demonstrating that the surface transient electromagnetic method can be utilized to identify anomalies in soft-hard uneven strata. The rate of electric field attenuation is jointly influenced by the properties of the medium and the distance from the anomalous zone, manifesting as a "trough phenomenon", with faster attenuation near the anomaly and slower attenuation farther away. In the apparent resistivity contour maps, the tunnel-crossing areas exhibit intense small-scale contour fluctuations, with soft rock showing low-resistivity anomalies and hard rock showing high-resistivity anomalies. Resistivity often transitions from low to high or from high to low, reflecting the heterogeneous characteristics of the strata.

Key words: subway tunnel, soft and hard heterogeneous strata, transient electromagnetic, numerical simulation, advanced detection

中图分类号:

X935

梁庆华, 刘恩杰, 陈素贞, 王伟娜, 王春源. 地铁隧道软硬不均地层瞬变电磁场数值模拟及响应特征[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(12): 36-43.

LIANG Qinghua, LIU Enjie, CHEN Suzhen, WANG Weina, WANG Chunyuan. Numerical simulation and response characteristics of transient electromagnetic fields in heterogeneous strata of subway tunnels[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(12): 36-43.

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几何	空气	岩体(软)	岩体(硬)	线圈
电导率/(S·m^-1)	1×10^-6	1×10^-2	1×10^-4	6×10⁷
相对磁导率	1	1	1	1
相对介电常数	1	10	6	1