基于改进NSGA-II的森林草原消防站多目标选址优化*

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.03.1051

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 171-177.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.03.1051

基于改进NSGA-II的森林草原消防站多目标选址优化^*

李华¹(), 陈鑫¹, 益朋¹^,^**(), 吴立舟²

¹ 西安建筑科技大学资源工程学院, 陕西西安 710055
² 西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院, 陕西西安 710054

收稿日期:2025-09-10 修回日期:2025-12-13 出版日期:2026-03-31
通信作者:
^** 益朋(1987—),男,陕西西安人,硕士,讲师,主要从事安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail:331092936@qq.com。

作者简介:

李华 (1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理方面的研究。E-mail: lihua@xauat.edu.cn。

Research on multi-objective optimization of forest fire station site selection based on improved NSGA-II

LI Hua¹(), CHEN Xin¹, YI Peng¹^,^**(), WU Lizhou²

¹ School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi 'an Shaanxi 710055, China
² School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China

Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2025-12-13 Published:2026-03-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升灭火救援队伍的应急响应能力与森林草原火灾防控布局的整体效能,提出基于混合防火应急道路的森林草原消防站选址优化方法。通过八向倾点算法结合数字高程模型(DEM),构建混合防火应急道路网络,提高消防队伍前期预防与应急响应能力;采用改进非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)的位置分配模型优化消防站选址,确保资源合理配置并提升覆盖范围。结果表明:混合防火应急道路对整体区域覆盖率为96.91%,对高风险区域覆盖率为93.51%,优化结果有助于提高救援队伍应对复杂地形的能力。优化后的消防站布局变异系数为0.26,能够保障消防队伍巡查与响应的能力。整体需求满意度为0.86,可确保关键区域得到充分保护。

关键词: 非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II), 森林草原, 消防站, 多目标, 选址优化, 位置分配

Abstract:

In order to enhance the emergency response capability of the firefighting and rescue teams and the overall efficiency of the forest and grassland fire prevention and control layout, an optimization method for the site selection of forest and grassland fire stations based on hybrid fire prevention emergency roads was proposed. By combining the eight-direction tilt point algorithm with digital elevation model data, a hybrid fire emergency road network was constructed to enhance the fire brigade's early prevention and emergency response capabilities. Subsequently, the location allocation model of the improved NSGA-II was adopted to optimize the site selection of the fire station, ensuring the rational allocation of resources and expanding the coverage. The results show that the coverage rate of the hybrid fire prevention emergency road in the overall area is 96.91%, and the coverage rate in the high-risk area is 93.51%, which improves the ability of the rescue team to deal with complex terrains. The optimized layout of the fire stations has a coefficient of variation of 0.26, ensuring the inspection and response capabilities of the teams. The overall demand satisfaction rate is 0.86, ensuring that the key areas are fully protected. The optimization model proposed in this study can provide a theoretical basis for the layout of forest and grassland fire prevention and control, improve the utilization rate of rescue resources, and promote the precise development of forest fire management.

Key words: non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms II(NSGA-II), forest and grassland fires, fire station, multi-objective, site selection optimization, location allocation

中图分类号:

X928.7火灾与爆炸事故

李华, 陈鑫, 益朋, 吴立舟. 基于改进NSGA-II的森林草原消防站多目标选址优化^*[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(3): 171-177.

LI Hua, CHEN Xin, YI Peng, WU Lizhou. Research on multi-objective optimization of forest fire station site selection based on improved NSGA-II[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(3): 171-177.

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因素	图层	要素	权重
承灾暴露程度	易燃性	NDVI	0.054 1
承载体脆弱性	脆弱性	人口密度	0.046 2
承载体脆弱性	脆弱性	重要基础设施	0.005 3
致灾危险性	水源可达性	河流湖泊	0.455 8
	交通网络可达性	道路网络	0.236 8
	森林火险气象	FFDI	0.162 6
	地形特征	高程	0.025 4
	地形特征	坡度	0.013 8

基于改进NSGA-II的森林草原消防站多目标选址优化^*

Research on multi-objective optimization of forest fire station site selection based on improved NSGA-II

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