露天矿卸料口旋流风幕模拟及纹影成像验证

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0355

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 150-158.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.0355

露天矿卸料口旋流风幕模拟及纹影成像验证

陈景序¹^,²^,³(), 智栐凯²^,³, 王杰²^,³, 荆德吉⁴, 郭雁潮¹^,³, 刘雅雯⁵

¹ 内蒙古科技大学安全与应急管理学院, 内蒙古包头 014010
² 内蒙古科技大学矿业与煤炭学院, 内蒙古包头 014010
³ 内蒙古自治区矿业工程重点实验室, 内蒙古包头 014010
⁴ 辽宁工程技术大学安全科学与工程学院, 辽宁阜新 123000
⁵ 中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-11-15 修回日期:2026-03-04 出版日期:2026-05-28
作者简介:
陈景序 (1989—),男,辽宁鞍山人,博士,副教授,主要从事粉尘防治理论及技术等方面的研究。E-mail:chanjingxu@sina.com。
荆德吉教授。
基金资助:
国家自然基金面上项目资助(52474229); 内蒙古自治区2025年重点研发和成果转化计划(社会公益领域)项目(2025YFSH0073); 自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(2024QNJS101); 自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(2025QNJS007)

Numerical simulation and schlieren imaging validation of a swirling air curtain at an open-pit mine discharge port

Chen Jingxu¹^,²^,³(), Zhi Yongkai²^,³, Wang Jie²^,³, Jing Deji⁴, Guo Yanchao¹^,³, Liu Yawen⁵

¹ School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China
² School of Mining and Coal, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China
³ Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering, Baotou Inner Mongolia 014010, China
⁴ Safety Science and Engineering College, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin Liaoning 123000, China
⁵ School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-11-15 Revised:2026-03-04 Published:2026-05-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统喷雾降尘技术耗水量大、抑尘范围有限等问题,利用数值仿真软件,按照1∶1比例建立露天矿卸料口几何模型;基于Realizable k-ε 湍流模型,开展卸料口落料口诱导气流风速分布研究,并根据流场特征提出一种旋流风幕控尘方法,通过诱导环流包裹粉尘、动压屏障阻隔扩散,形成闭合气流屏障阻隔粉尘逸散;采用数值模拟与纹影观测相结合的方法,分析卸料口诱导气流风速分布,对比不同角度和风速下的旋流风幕完整性。结果表明:旋流风幕形成由射流角度与风速协同主导;随射流角度与风速增加,风幕涡核结构逐渐清晰,流场闭合度显著增强;射流角度在10~20°、风速在15~25 m/s内时,可在卸料口形成稳定封闭的逆压旋流区,诱导卷吸与环流作用最为显著;当射流角度为15°、风速为20 m/s时,负压核心稳定,旋流成型最完整;角度过大或风速过高易引发湍流耗散与涡核紊乱,导致风幕结构破裂。经纹影观测系统对旋流流场验证,15°&20 m/s条件下旋流结构最为完整,验证了旋流控尘的可靠性和有效性。

关键词: 纹影成像, 露天矿, 卸料口, 旋流风幕, 射流角度, 射流速度

Abstract:

To address the issues of high water consumption and the limited dust suppression range of traditional spray-based dust control technologies, a 1∶1 geometric model of the discharge port in an open-pit mine was established using numerical simulation software. Based on the Realizable k-ε turbulence model, the velocity distribution of induced airflow at the discharge port was investigated. According to the flow field characteristics, a swirling air curtain dust control method was proposed. This method utilizes induced circulation to encapsulate dust particles and employs a dynamic pressure barrier to suppress their diffusion, thereby forming a closed airflow barrier that prevents dust escape. By combining numerical simulations with schlieren observations, the velocity distribution of the induced airflow was analyzed, and the integrity of the swirling air curtain under varying jet angles and airflow velocities was compared. The results indicate that the formation of the swirling air curtain is jointly governed by the jet angle and airflow velocity. As both parameters increase, the vortex core structure becomes more distinct, and the degree of flow field closure is significantly enhanced. When the jet angle ranges from 10° to 20° and the airflow velocity from 15 to 25 m/s, a stable closed reverse-pressure swirling forms at the discharge port, where induced entrainment and circulation effects are most pronounced. When the jet angle is 15° and the airflow velocity is 20 m/s, the negative pressure core remains most stable, and the swirling structure is most fully developed. In contrast, excessively large jet angles or overly high airflow velocities may lead to increased turbulent dissipation and vortex instability, resulting in the breakdown of the air curtain structure. Schlieren observation further confirm that the swirling structure is most complete under the condition of a 15° jet angle and 20 m/s airflow velocity, thereby verifying the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed swirling air curtain dust control method.

Key words: schlieren imaging, open-pit mine, discharge port, countercurrent air curtain, jet angle, jet velocity

中图分类号:

X964工业防尘

陈景序, 智栐凯, 王杰, 荆德吉, 郭雁潮, 刘雅雯. 露天矿卸料口旋流风幕模拟及纹影成像验证[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(5): 150-158.

Chen Jingxu, Zhi Yongkai, Wang Jie, Jing Deji, Guo Yanchao, Liu Yawen. Numerical simulation and schlieren imaging validation of a swirling air curtain at an open-pit mine discharge port[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(5): 150-158.

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参数名称	参数设定
出口压力/Pa	0
空气密度/(kg/m³)	1.205
连续相动力黏度/(Pa·s)	1.8·10^-5
气体分子扩散系数/(m²/s)	2·10^-5
温度/K	293.15
壁设置	无滑移

露天矿卸料口旋流风幕模拟及纹影成像验证

Numerical simulation and schlieren imaging validation of a swirling air curtain at an open-pit mine discharge port

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参考文献 20

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编号	条件		旋流风幕完整度	编号	条件		旋流风幕完整度
编号	入口角度/(°)	入口速度/(m/s)	旋流风幕完整度	编号	入口角度/(°)	入口速度/(m/s)	旋流风幕完整度
1	10	15	完整	10	25	15	不完整
2	10	20	较完整	11	25	20	不完整
3	10	25	完整	12	25	25	不完整
4	15	15	完整	13	30	15	一般完整
5	15	20	完整	14	30	20	一般完整
6	15	25	较完整	15	30	25	一般完整
7	20	15	完整	16	35	15	一般完整
8	20	20	完整	17	35	20	一般完整
9	20	25	完整	18	35	25	一般完整

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入口角度/(°)	入口1 速度/(m/s)	入口2 速度/(m/s)	入口3 速度/(m/s)
10	15	20	25
15	15	20	25
20	15	20	25
25	15	20	25
30	15	20	25
35	15	20	25