Abstract: By using the methods and basic principles of applied safety science, main problems existing in current safety assessment work in China are analyzed. It is considered that the government should improve the quality of safety assessment reports and ensure the scientificity of assessment results by strengthening supervision, standardizing the acts of intermediaries, strengthening the management of assessment agencies, implementing the idea of "survival of the fittest" and improving the tracking guide. Meanwhile, assessment agencies should make the assessment develop toward the direction of science, standard and good order by adopting qualitative methods, quantitative methods and comprehensive assessment mathematic models, so as to prevent major accidents occurring, to provide scientific basis for the decision making of the state, related departments and enterprises, and to ensure the healthy and safe development of the economy.