基于CTA的海上应急伤员处置舱作业安全设计

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.10.1197

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高海上突发事件救援效率,最大限度减少人员伤亡,提出一种海上伤员处置舱的系统化安全设计策略。首先,运用认知任务分析法(CTA)深入分析救援人员在执行任务中的认知过程,识别关键任务及其对应的核心用户需求;其次,采用亲和图法(KJ)归纳总结用户需求,并通过层次分析法(AHP)明确各需求项的重要度和优先级;然后,运用质量功能展开(QFD)理论将用户需求转化为具体的设计要素;最后,借助公理化设计(AD)方法完成功能需求向设计参数(DPs)的映射。结果表明:通过CTA法与QFD-AD集成法构建的功能需求(FR_S)与DPs的映射关系,可有效识别海上伤员处置舱功能需求及安全设计要素。处理好舱内医疗设备人机尺寸、作业姿势与设备尺寸关系、作业空间布局、以及舱体色彩+材料+工艺(CMF)、环境界面(光照、噪声、振动)、工具性界面、信息型界面,有助于提升海上伤员处置舱整体人机工效,保证救援作业的安全性。

关键词: 认知任务分析法(CTA), 海上应急救援, 伤员处置舱, 安全设计, 质量功能展开-公理化设计(QFD-AD)集成

Abstract:

In order to enhance maritime emergency rescue efficiency and reduce casualties, a systematic safety design strategy for maritime casualty disposal cabins was proposed. CTA was first used to identify rescue personnel's core needs during critical tasks. The Kawakita Jiro Method method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were then used to prioritize these needs. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) was used to translate them into design elements, and Axiomatic Design (AD) was used to map functional requirements to design parameters. Results show that the integrated CTA-QFD-AD approach effectively identifies functional requirements and safety design elements. Optimizing key factors, such as ergonomic dimensions, spatial layout, Color-Material-Finish (CMF), environmental interfaces (lighting, noise, vibration), and tool/information interfaces, can significantly improve human-machine efficiency and ensures rescue safety.

Key words: cognitive task analysis (CTA), maritime emergency rescue, casualty disposal cabin, safety design, integrated quality function deployment-axiomatic design axiomatic design(QFD-AD)

中图分类号:

X941

王秋惠, 云婷. 基于CTA的海上应急伤员处置舱作业安全设计[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(10): 198-204.

WANG Qiuhui, YUN Ting. Safety design for maritime emergency casualty disposal cabin based on CTA[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(10): 198-204.

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类别	需求
伤员急救	伤情辅助判断、伤员分类、伤员监测、通信设备、数据记录、救援辅助安排
伤员安置	伤员情况监测、伤员心理舒适需求、伤员生理舒适需求、伤员后送
设备可用性	医疗设备、定位功能、物资补给、人机尺寸、基础设施、技术支持
设备安全性	定期检修提醒、设备环境清洁、设备抗干扰性、人员安全培训

准则层	指标层	单排序权重	综合权重	排序
主要功能 0.329 6	伤员急救	0.362 0	0.119 3	1
	伤情评估	0.193 9	0.063 9	5
	伤员安置	0.209 2	0.069 0	4
	伤情监测	0.234 9	0.077 4	3
次要功能 0.208 6	通信定位	0.473 7	0.098 8	2
	风险检测	0.300 3	0.032 6	15
	数据记录	0.076 6	0.016 0	18
	物资储备	0.149 5	0.031 1	17
人机交互 0.146 5	合理布局	0.346 6	0.050 8	8
	易于操作	0.322 5	0.047 2	10
	便于维修	0.330 9	0.048 5	9
安全需求 0.223 3	通风照明	0.139 8	0.031 2	16
	清洁消杀	0.174 9	0.039 1	13
	抵抗干扰	0.176 0	0.039 3	12
	误操作警示	0.274 4	0.061 3	6
	设备检修提醒	0.234 8	0.052 4	7
舒适需求 0.092 0	生理需求	0.386 7	0.035 6	14
	心理需求	0.454 7	0.041 8	11
	环境需求	0.158 6	0.014 6	19

编号	设计需求	编号	设计需求
1	生命维持与急救	6	空气净化消杀
2	伤员安置与监测	7	定位感知功能
3	信息采集录入	8	高安全性
4	智慧交互屏	9	照明功能
5	空间结构分割合理	10	人员舒适性

FR_S	DPs
生命维持与急救功能	呼吸机、除颤器、便携式气道管理系统等智能医疗设备
伤员安置与监测功能	担架座椅、监护仪、心电图监护仪等
智慧交互	人工智能、大数据技术、远程医疗、多点触控、语音交互
高安全性	稳定抗扰材质、报警提示装置、安全性色彩设计、装备人员防摔落性能、救生保障系统等
定位感知功能	测距与感知距离、GPS定位系统、海上阻尼器
人员舒适性	人机尺寸设计、人机情感设计、人机安全设计
空间结构分割合理	设备存放空间、药品储存空间、人员安置空间、人员活动空间
信息采集录入功能	医学信号采集装置、声音影像录入装置
空气净化消杀功能	紫外线灯、臭氧发生器、高效过滤系统
照明功能	照明灯、手术灯、氛围灯