基于边坡雷达监测的高陡边坡反倾岩层变形破坏特性研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究断层破碎带、软弱岩层和边坡渗水等多因素作用下高陡露天矿山边坡的变形破坏特性,以塔吉克斯坦某金属露天矿山南帮标高1 892~1 955 m高陡边坡滑坡为例,基于边坡合成孔径雷达对目标区域进行长期监测而获取的滑坡区域变形数据进行分析,揭示边坡变形破坏特点和滑坡破坏模式。结果表明:断层破碎带、软弱岩层和边坡渗水等多因素影响下边坡为渐进式变形破坏行为,在边坡渗水和施工作业的诱发因素作用下,南帮下部区域首先发生变形破坏,渐进式牵引上部坡面变形和倾倒破坏,造成牵引式-倾倒滑坡;倾层状边坡倾倒破坏过程分为坡址岩层变形弯曲、近坡顶渐进式弯曲破坏、超过屈服极限瞬间崩塌、稳定再平衡4个阶段。研究结果可为相似高陡边坡露天矿山的稳定性分析、滑坡预测提供数据支撑和参考。

关键词: 高陡边坡, 滑坡, 反倾岩层, 破坏模式, 边坡雷达

Abstract:

To investigate the deformation and failure characteristics of high and steep open-pit mine slopes under the combined effects of fault fracture zones, weak rock strata, and slope seepage, the landslide on the 1 892-1 955 m high and steep south slope of a metal open-pit mine in Tajikistan was taken as an example. The analysis was based on deformation data of the landslide area obtained from long-term monitoring of the target area using synthetic aperture radar on the slope, revealing the slope deformation and failure characteristics, as well as the landslide failure mode. The results indicate that under the influence of multiple factors such as fault fracture zones, weak rock strata, and slope seepage, the slope exhibits gradual deformation and failure behavior. Triggered by slope seepage and construction operations, the lower region of the south slope deforms and fails first, progressively pulling and causing deformation and toppling failure of the upper slope and resulting in a pull-topple landslide. The toppling failure process of dip slopes can be divided into four stages: deformation bending of the in-situ rock strata, progressive bending failure near the top of the slope, instantaneous collapse when exceeding the yield limit, and re-stabilization to equilibrium. The findings provide data support and references for stability analysis and landslide prediction of similar high and steep open-pit mine slopes.

Key words: high and steep slope, landslide, anti-dip rock stratum, failure mode, slope radar

中图分类号:

X915.5

丘小强, 陈昌山, 卢猛, 史帅阳, 闫成伟, 郭耀文. 基于边坡雷达监测的高陡边坡反倾岩层变形破坏特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S2): 203-209.

QIU Xiaoqiang, CHEN Changshan, LU Meng, SHI Shuaiyang, YAN Chengwei, GUO Yaowen. Study on deformation and failure characteristics of anti-dip rock strata on high and steep slopes based on slope radar monitoring[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(S2): 203-209.

图/表 12

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

参考文献 12

[1]	马海涛, 张亦海, 于正兴. 滑坡速度倒数法预测模型加速开始点识别及临滑时间预测研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(2):355-364.
	MA Haitao, ZHANG Yihai, YU Zhengxing. Research on the identification of acceleration starting point in inverse velocity method and the prediction of sliding time[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2021, 40(2):355-364.
[2]	张亦海, 于正兴, 温经林, 等. 边坡雷达变形图与航测模型配准方法及应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(增1):2 817-2 825.
	ZHANG Yihai, YU Zhengxing, WEN Jinglin, et al. Application of matching method of the deformation map of slope radar and UAV aerial survey model in landslide monitoring[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2021, 40(S1): 2 817-2 825.
[3]	秦宏楠, 马海涛, 于正兴. 地基SAR技术支持下的滑坡预警预报分析方法[J]. 武汉大学学报:信息科学版, 2020, 45(11): 1 697-1 706.
	QIN Hongnan, MA Haitao, YU Zhengxing. Analysis method of landslide early warning and prediction supported by ground-based SAR technology[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2020, 45(11): 1 697-1 706.
[4]	张亦海, 牛西安, 马海涛, 等. 露天采场高陡边坡监测技术研究现状与发展趋势分析[J]. 矿产勘查, 2024, 15(增1):154-158.
	ZHANG Yihai, NIU Xi'an, MA Haitao, et al. Analysis of research status and development trend of high and steep slope monitoring technology in open pit mine[J]. Mineral Exploration, 2024, 15(S1):154-158.
[5]	徐瑞聪, 张亦海, 马海涛, 等. S-SAR M边坡雷达在露天矿山中的监测预警应用研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2022, 18(增1):104-110.
	XU Ruicong, ZHANG Yihai, MA Haitao, et al. Application of slope radar S-SAR M in monitoring and early warning of open-pit mines[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2022, 18(S1):104-110.
[6]	林永春, 徐兴港, 李永昌, 等. 金属露天矿山凸型渗水高陡边坡监测变形规律研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2023, 19(增1):60-66.
	LIN Yongchun, XU Xinggang, LI Yongchang, et al. Study on monitoring deformation laws of high and steep slope with convex seepage in metal open-pit mine[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2023, 19(S1):60-66.
[7]	张亦海, 尹永明, 于正兴, 等. 基于S-SAR监测数据的高海拔露天矿边坡变形特征及影响因素研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2022, 18(增1):55-60.
	ZHANG Yihai, YIN Yongming, YU Zhengxing, et al. Study on slope deformation characteristics and influencing factors of open-pit mines in high-altitude area based on S-SAR monitoring data[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2022, 18(S1):55-60.
[8]	刘冠洲, 张达, 张元生, 等. 高陡边坡多源监测预警信息一体化平台研究[J]. 冶金自动化, 2018, 42(6):1-7.
	LIU Guanzhou, ZHANG Da, ZHANG Yuansheng, et al. Research on multi-source monitoring and early warning information integration platform for high and steep slopes[J]. Metallurgical Industry Automation, 2018, 42(6):1-7.
[9]	魏恋欢, 封秋月, 毛亚纯, 等. 基于多轨道SBAS方法的露天矿高陡边坡形变监测[J]. 东北大学学报:自然科学版, 2020, 41(10): 1 445-1 451.
	WEI Lianhuan, FENG Qiuyue, MAO Yachun, et al. Deformation monitoring of high steep slope in open-pit mine with multi-orbit SBAS[J]. Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science, 2020, 41(10): 1 445-1 451.
[10]	闫国斌, 陶志刚, 孙光林, 等. 边坡雷达在矿区边坡监测区域的应用分析[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2015, 41(10):57-60.
	YAN Guobin, TAO Zhigang, SUN Guanglin, et al. Application analysis of slope stability radar in the mine slope monitoring risk area[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2015, 41(10):57-60.
[11]	谭福林, 胡新丽, 张玉明, 等. 不同类型滑坡渐进破坏过程与稳定性研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2016, 37(增2):597-606.
	TAN Fulin, HU Xinli, ZHANG Yuming, et al. Study of progressive failure processes and stabilities of different types of landslides[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2016, 37(S2):597-606.
[12]	张令非, 陈忠辉, 唐岳松. 含弱层边坡分区滑动破坏模式及演化规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(6): 1 145-1 154.
	ZHANG Lingfei, CHEN Zhonghui, TANG Yuesong. Study on regional sliding failure modes and evolution regularity of slopes with weak layers[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2021, 40(6): 1 145-1 154.

[1]	丁兴龙, 于正兴, 张亦海, 石志磊. 基于无人机贴近摄影的高陡边坡危岩体结构面识别[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S2): 131-138.
[2]	张安琦, 谢谟文, 蒋宇静, 张学朋, 刘敬楠, 杜岩. 考虑坡体沉降变形推移式滑坡稳定性评价方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S2): 161-167.
[3]	杜岩, 吕梦镓, 王麒凯, 谢谟文, 蒋宇静, 刘敬楠. 基于RLE与SF的蠕滑型滑坡失稳风险评价[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S2): 43-49.
[4]	谢志远, 龚强, 葛程, 胡益铭, 袁云星. 中型中层岩质牵引式滑坡治理工程适应性分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S2): 80-86.
[5]	覃瀚萱, 桂蕾, 张文芳, 韩幽铭. 基于墙体裂缝特征的滑坡区房屋风险分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(3): 133-141.
[6]	叶霄, 朱鸿鹄, 田坤, 李厚芝, 张巍, 程刚. 应急管理视角下特大库区滑坡科学观测与早期预警[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(3): 221-231.
[7]	唐宇峰, 何俚秋, 熊清远, 熊娅伶, 石砚秋, 胡光忠. 基于PSO-GRU-OL-MRT的滑坡位移实时预测模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(12): 70-77.
[8]	曹洪洋, 任晓莹, 李志强. 基于GIS的分形理论和信息量法的区域滑坡易发性评价[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(1): 178-185.
[9]	江松, 李研博, 何旭乾, 何润丰, 张超, 张存良. 基于无人机影像深度学习的滑坡灾害智能识别[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(7): 229-238.
[10]	唐宇峰, 胡光忠, 周帅. 动态残差修正LSTM算法的突发型滑坡位移预测[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(8): 109-116.
[11]	程刚, 王振雪, 李刚强, 朱鸿鹄, 施斌. 滑坡一体化全维度监测预警技术进展与展望[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(1): 105-114.
[12]	孙魁, 郭昌锋, 刘洪宇. 内嵌式框架摇摆墙结构抗震性能研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(S2): 153-159.
[13]	赵立春, 刘永杰, 宗赫, 徐勇超, 王博, 祁利民. 同一边坡角下不同边坡形态及稳定性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(S1): 140-144.
[14]	程刚, 王振雪, 李刚强, 倪钰菲, 徐靓. 我国滑坡监测文献计量研究的可视化分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(7): 172-179.
[15]	朱大鹏, 何磊, 田力, 秦粮凯. 抗滑桩前预留岩体破坏模式及稳定性分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(5): 84-89.