正压式泡沫灭火技术的研究进展

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.10.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为使正压式泡沫灭火技术运用和推广更广泛,综述正压泡沫灭火技术的研究现状。首先总结正压式泡沫灭火技术的应用优势和几种气液混合室的优缺点;其次归纳气液混合室里的扰流器类型和气源供给方式;最后概述与评价正压式泡沫的灭火性能和管内流动特性方面的主要研究。结果表明:气液两相在同轴混合室和锥形扰流器中混合最充分;液氮气源供给方式的发泡能力最强,吸气式气源供给方式发泡能力最弱;国内外对泡沫灭火性能的研究主要集中于灭火类别和泡沫剂种类,对于管内泡沫流动特性研究集中于泡沫流变性和泡沫在管内的阻力损失2方面。

关键词: 正压, 泡沫, 气液混合室, 扰流器, 泡沫性能, 泡沫流体

Abstract: For the sake of wider application and promotion of positive pressure foam extinguishing technology, current researches on this technology are reviewed. Firstly, application advantages of the technology and both advantages and disadvantages of several gas-liquid mixing chambers were summarized. Secondly, types of spoilers and gas supply modes in gas-liquid mixing chambers were summarized. Finally, major studies on extinguishing performance and flow characteristics of positive pressure foam were outlined and evaluated.The results show that gas-liquid two-phase flow is most fully mixed in coaxial mixing chambers and conical spoilers, and liquid nitrogen source supply mode has the strongest foaming ability while aspirating gas source supply mode has the weakest one. Researches on foam extinguishing performance both at home and abroad mainly focus on fire extinguishing categories and foaming agent types, and those on flow characteristics of foam in tubes concentrate on foam rheology and its resistance loss.

Key words: positive pressure, foam, gas-liquid mixing chamber, spoiler, foam performance, foam fluid

中图分类号:

X932

邓天刁, 刘长春, 黄林远, 申金华. 正压式泡沫灭火技术的研究进展[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(10): 64-70.

DENG Tiandiao, LIU Changchun, HUANG Linyuan, SHEN Jinhua. Research progress of positive pressure foam extinguishing technology[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(10): 64-70.

参考文献

[1] 魏永建, 丛林, 张传宝. 压缩空气泡沫灭火系统原理及在德国曼底盘消防车上的应用[J]. 消防技术与产品信息,2017(5): 60-63.
[2] 管如林. 压缩空气泡沫灭火装置的应用[J]. 机械制造与自动化,2009,38(4): 59-60.
GUAN Rulin. Application of automatic fire extinguishing device of condensed air foam[J]. Mechanical Manufacture and Automation Major,2009,38(4): 59-60.
[3] CHENG Jingyuan, MAO Xu. Experimental research of integrated compressed air foam system of fixed (ICAF) for liquid fuel[J]. Procedia Engineering,2014,71(1): 44-56.
[4] 俞雪兴, 刘雪峰,吴京峰等. 压缩空气泡沫系统的特点及应用[J]. 安全、健康和环境,2008,8(7): 1-4.
YU Xuexing, LIU Xuefeng, WU Jingfeng, et al. Characteristics and application of compressed air foam systems[J]. Safety Health & Environment,2008,8(7): 1-4.
[5] LATTIMER B Y, HANAUSKA C P, SCHEFFEY J L, et al. Behavior of aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) exposed to radiant heating[R]. Naval Research Laboratory Report Ser 6180,1999.
[6] 邓德秋. 压缩空气泡沫消防车在高层建筑火灾扑救中的应用[J].武警学院学报,2016,32(6): 23-26.
DENG Deqiu. The application of CAFS fire engine in fire-extinguishing in high-rise buildings[J]. Journal of the Armed Police Academy,2016,32(6): 23-26.
[7] GARDINER B S, DLUGOGORSKI B Z, JAMESON G J. Rheology of fire-fighting foams[J]. Fire Safety, 1998,31(1): 61-75.
[8] CRAMPTON G. Advancements and advantages of compressed air foam systems[R]. National Research Council,1999.
[9] 高阳. 压缩空气泡沫灭火性能及机理研究[J]. 消防科学与技术,2016,35(4): 532-536.
GAO Yang. Research on fire extinguishing performance and mechanism of compressed air foam[J]. Fire Science and Technology,2016,35(4): 532-536.
[10] RAPPSILBER T, KRUGER, SIMONE. Design fires with mixed-material burning cribs to determine the extinguishing effects of compressed air foams[J]. Fire Safety Journal,2018,98: 3-14.
[11] 包志明, 陈涛, 傅学成, 等. 压缩空气蛋白泡沫抑制液体火的有效性研究[J]. 火灾科学,2012,21(4): 203-208.
BAO Zhiming, CHEN Tao, FU Xuecheng, et al. Effectiveness of compressed air protein foam for suppression of liquid fire[J].Fire Safety Science,2012,21(4): 203-208.
[12] FU Xuecheng, BAO Zhiming, CHEN Tao,et al. Application of compressed air foam system in extinguishing oil tank fire and middle layer effect[J]. Procedia Engineering,2012,45(2): 669-673.
[13] 傅学成, 包志明, 陈涛, 等. 压缩空气泡沫的隔热防护性能研究[J]. 消防科学与技术,2009,28(3): 204-207.
FU Xuecheng, BAO Zhiming, CHEN Tao, et al. Study on heat exposure protection of foam produced by compressed air foamsystems[J]. Fire Science and Technology,2009,28(3): 204-207.
[14] 吕彦杰. 浅议压缩空气泡沫消防车的应用[J]. 科学之友,2011(10): 44-45.
LYU Yanjie. On the application of compressed air foam fire engine[J]. Friend of Science Amateurs,2011(10): 44-45.
[15] 何勇, 安警彦, 顾嘉涛, 等. 一种压缩空气泡沫灭火系统中泡沫液混合发生装置.中国:CN108635702A[P].2018-10-12.
[16] 郭海明. 谈压缩空气泡沫系统的发展与应用[J]. 武警学院学报,2010,26(8): 66-68.
GUO Haiming. On the application of a compressed air foam system[J]. Journal of the Armed Police Academy,2010,26(8): 66-68.
[17] 林霖. 多组分压缩空气泡沫特性表征及灭火有效性实验研究[D]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学,2007.
LIN Lin. Property characterization and fire extinguishing efficiency study of the multi-component compressed air foam [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China,2007.
[18] 李慧清. 压缩空气泡沫系统(CAFS)泡沫性能的试验研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2000.
LI Huiqing. Experimental study of foam generated by compressed air foam system (CAFS)[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University,2000.
[19] 初迎霞. CAFS中流动参数与泡沫形态关系的试验研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2005.
CHU Yingxia. A experimental study on the dependent relationship of flow parameters and foam pattern in CAFS[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University,2005.
[20] XUE Lin. Water-saving and high efficiency firefighting equipment and application technology research[R]. Shanghai Fire Research Institute,2008.
[21] WANG Xishi, LIAO Yaojian, LIN Lin. Experimental study on fire extinguishing with a newly prepared multi-component compressed air foam[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009,54(3): 492-496.
[22] FENG Dongyun. Analysis on influencing factors of the gas-liquid mixing effect of compressed air foam systems[J]. Procedia Engineering,2013,52: 105-111.
[23] 程婧园, 张玉斌. SK标准静态混合器应用于压缩空气泡沫系统的可行性研究[J].火灾科学,2018,27(1): 38-45.
CHENG Jingyuan, ZHANG Yubin. Feasibility research on SK static mixer as gas-liquid mixing structure for compressed air foam system[J].Fire Safety Science,2018,27(1): 38-45.
[24] 张峰. 一种泡沫发生装置. 中国:CN108057349A[P].2018- 05-22.
[25] 郎需庆, 牟小冬, 张卫华. 一种大流量压缩空气泡沫混合装置. 中国:CN105126277A[P].2015- 12-09.
[26] 牟小冬, 郎需庆, 牟善军, 等. 一种利用液化介质的泡沫产生方法及其应用和灭火消防方法. 中国:CN108525162A[P].2018-09-14.
[27] 牟善军, 郎需庆, 牟小冬, 等. 大流量液氮泡沫灭火系统应用探究[J].劳动保护,2019(1): 18-21.
[28] RIE D H, LEE J W, KIM S. Class B fire-extinguishing performance evaluation of a compressed air foam system at different air-to-aqueous foam solution mixing ratios [J]. Applied Sciences,2016,6(7): 1-12.
[29] KIM A K, CRAMPTON G P. Evaluation of the fire suppression effectiveness of manually applied compressed-air-foam (CAF) system[J]. Fire Technology,2009,48(3): 549-564.
[30] CHEN Tao, FU Xuecheng, BAO Zhiming, et al. Experimental study on the extinguishing efficiency of compressed air foam sprinkler system on oil pool fire [J]. Procedia Engineering,2018,211: 94-103.
[31] ZHAO Hao, LIU Jinshuo. The feasibility study of extinguishing oil tank fire by using compressed air foam system[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2016,135: 61-66.
[32] KIM A. Use of compressed air-foam technology to provide fire protection for files in electrical cabinets, sub floor protection and cable trays[R]. National research Council of Canada, 2005.
[33] KIM A. Advances in fire suppression systems[J]. Construction Technology Updates,2011,75: 1-6.
[34] 傅学成, 陈涛, 胡成, 等. 不同类型压缩空气泡沫灭隧道油池火性能比较[J].消防科学与技术,2017,36(11): 1 563-1 567.
FU Xuecheng, CHEN Tao, HU Cheng, et al. Comparison of the fire extinguishing performance of different compressed air foam on pool fires in tunnel[J].Fire Science and Technology,2017,36(11): 1 563-1 567.
[35] 林霖, 翁韬, 房玉东, 等. 压缩空气泡沫析液过程分析[J]. 中国科学技术大学学报,2007,37(1): 70-76.
LIN Lin, WENG Tao, FANG Yudong, et al. Study on liquid drainage process of compressed air foam[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2007,37(1): 70-76.
[36] SU Lin, WANG Lijing, WANG Zhihui, et al. Investigation on compressed air foams fire-extinguishing model for oil pan fire [J]. Procedia Engineering,2012,45(3): 663-668.
[37] MAGRABI S A, DLUGOGORSKI B Z, JAMESON G J. A comparative study of drainage characteristics in AFFF and FFFP compressed-air fire-fighting foams[J]. Fire Safety Journal,2002,37(1): 21-52.
[38] CALVERT J, NEZHATI K. A rheological model for a liquid-gas foam [J]. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,1986,7(3): 164-168.
[39] HERZHAFT B. Correlation between transient shear experiments and structure evolution of aqueous foams [J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2002,247(2): 412-423.
[40] GUMATI A, TAKAHSHI H. Experimental study and modeling of pressure loss for foam-cuttings mixture flow in horizontal pipe [J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics,2011,23(4): 431-438.
[41] WENDORFF C, AINLEY B. Massive hydraulic fracturing of high-temperature wells with stable frac foams[C]. Society of Petroleum Engineers,1981.
[42] 葛晓霞, 高健, 赵昊. 压缩空气泡沫管内流动特性分析 [J]. 消防科学与技术,2016,35(10): 1 408-1 411.
GE Xiaoxia, GAO Jian, ZHAO Hao. Analysis of compressed air foam flow characteristics[J]. Fire Science and Technology,2016,35(10): 1 408-1 411.
[43] COHEN-ADDAD S, HOHLER R. Rheology of foams and highly concentrated emulsions [J]. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science,2014,19(6): 536-548.
[44] 蒋新生,翟琰,尤杨,等.防灭火三相泡沫流体特性及油面铺展性能研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(2): 44-49.
JIANG Xinsheng, ZHAI Yan, YOU Yang, et al. Research on rheological properties and spreading performance on oil surface of three-phase foam for fire control and extinguishing[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(2): 44-49.
[45] 陈旸, 陈涛, 胡成, 等. 压缩空气泡沫传输阻力损失研究[J].消防科学与技术,2017,36(10): 1 418-1 420.
CHEN Yang, CHEN Tao, HU Cheng, et al. Study on the press drop of the compressed air foam flow transport[J]. Fire Scienceand Technology,2017,36(10): 1 418-1 420.
[46] 朱伟峰. 压缩空气泡沫供液阻力损失研究[C].中国消防协会科学技术年会,2012: 148-154.
[47] GAJBHIYE R N, KAM S I. Characterization of foam flow in horizontal pipes by using two-flow-regime concept [J].Chemical Engineering Science,2011,66(8): 1 536-1 549.
[48] BOGDANOVIC M, GAJBHIVE R N, KAM S I. Experimental study of foam flow in horizontal pipes: two flow regimes and its implications [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2009,344(1/2/3): 56-71.