中国安全科学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 37-42.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.007

• 安全系统学 • 上一篇    下一篇

追尾碰撞下液罐车罐体变形失效仿真研究

沈小燕 副教授1,2, 张凡1, 吕卉焘1, 闫艳3, 刘浩学 教授1,2   

  1. 1 长安大学 汽车学院,陕西 西安 710064;
    2 长安大学 汽车运输安全保障技术交通行业重点实验室,陕西 西安 710064;
    3 比亚迪股份有限公司,广东 深圳 518118
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-15 修回日期:2019-03-25 出版日期:2019-04-28 发布日期:2020-11-04
  • 作者简介:沈小燕 (1981—),女,江苏金坛人,博士,副教授,主要从事危险货物运输、高速公路安全管理等方面的研究。E-mail:sxy719@chd.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务经费专项资金项目(300102228206)。

Simulation study on deformation failure of liquid tank truck in rear-end collision

SHEN Xiaoyan1,2, ZHANG Fan1, LYU Huitao1, YAN Yan3, LIU Haoxue1,2   

  1. 1 School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi 'an Shaanxi 710064,China;
    2 Key Laboratory for Automotive Transportation Safety Enhancement Technology of Ministry of Communication, Chang'an University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710064, China;
    3 BYD Company Limited, Shenzhen Guangdong 518118,China
  • Received:2019-01-15 Revised:2019-03-25 Online:2019-04-28 Published:2020-11-04

摘要: 为降低罐车追尾碰撞造成的危害,运用Hyper Mesh软件建立客车和罐车的有限元模型,并将该模型导入LS-DYNA程序,构建追尾碰撞仿真模型;计算2车碰撞过程中罐体结构变形量,分析不同冲击载荷和液体属性对罐体碰撞的应力分布、位移变化以及损伤变形演变的影响,验证该模型的科学性和有效性;并以罐车装载汽油为例进行计算与分析。结果表明:相同接触位移下,初始撞击速度越大,罐体变形量越大;同一碰撞速度下,变形位移量与接触位移呈正相关;充装率为0.9时,罐体破裂的临界碰撞速度为43 km/h;用该仿真模型能够得出罐体破裂失效后的液体泄漏速率和泄漏量等参数。

关键词: 仿真模型, 有限元分析, 液罐车, 追尾碰撞, 液体泄漏

Abstract: In order to reduce the damage caused by the collision of tank trucks, the finite element models of passenger car and tank truck were established by the Hyper Mesh software. The LS-DYNA was introduced and the crash simulation model of two vehicles was established, and the deformation of tank structure in the process of car collision was calculated. The effects of different impact loads and liquid properties on the stress distribution, displacement, and damage deformation of the tank were analyzed. The validity of the model was verified and the tanker loading gasoline was taken as an example to carry out the calculation and analysis. The results show that the deformation of the tank increases with the increasing initial impact velocity under the same contact displacement, that at the same collision velocity, the deformation displacement is positively correlated with the contact displacement, that when the liquid-filling ratio is 0.9, the critical collision velocity of tank failure is 43 km/h, and that by using the simulation model, the liquid leakage rate and leakage amount after the failure of the tank can be obtained.

Key words: simulation model, finite element analysis, tank truck, rear-end collision, liquid leakage

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