成就动机对飞行员风险决策倾向的影响机制

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.04.1486

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究成就动机对飞行员风险决策倾向的影响机制,以危险态度为中介变量,飞行经验为调节变量,构建成就动机-危险态度-风险决策倾向的理论假设模型;借鉴成熟量表对188名国内民航飞行员作问卷调查,通过中介效应和调节效应分析验证理论假设模型。结果表明:寻求成功动机与风险决策倾向呈显著正相关;避免失败动机与风险决策倾向呈显著负相关;危险态度与风险决策倾向呈显著正相关;寻求成功动机与危险态度呈显著正相关;避免失败动机与危险态度显著负相关;危险态度在成就动机(寻求成功/避免失败)对风险决策倾向的影响中起中介效应;飞行经验在避免失败动机对危险态度的影响中具有调节效应;提高飞行员的心理素质,及时调节飞行员的成就动机和危险态度水平,能够帮助飞行员客观地评估自身能力和外部环境,减少飞行员的决策偏差,保障飞行安全。

关键词: 成就动机, 飞行员, 风险决策倾向, 影响机制, 危险态度, 飞行经验

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence mechanism of achievement motivation on pilots' risk decision-making tendency, a hypothetical relationship model of achievement motivation-hazardous attitude-risk decision-making tendency was constructed with hazardous attitude as the mediating variable and flight experience as the moderating variable. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 188 domestic civil aviation pilots using the maturity scales, and the hypothetical model was verified by analysis of mediating and moderating effects. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between motivation to seek success and risk decision-making tendency. The motivation to avoid failure is significantly negatively correlated with risk decision-making tendency. Hazardous attitude is significantly positively correlated with risk decision-making tendency. The motivation to seeking success is significantly positively correlated with hazardous attitude. The motivation of avoiding failure is significantly negatively correlated with hazardous attitude. Hazardous attitude plays a mediating role in the influence of achievement motivation (seeking success/avoiding failure) on risk decision-making tendency. Flight experience has a moderating effect in avoiding the influence of failure motivation on hazardous attitude. Improving the psychological quality of pilots and adjusting the level of achievement motivation and hazardous attitude of pilots in time can help pilots objectively evaluate their own ability and external environment, reduce pilots' decision-making deviation and ensure flight safety.

Key words: achievement motivation, pilots, risk decision-making tendency, influence mechanism, hazardous attitude, flight experience

王燕青, 蒋干, 周士琦. 成就动机对飞行员风险决策倾向的影响机制[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(4): 44-51.

WANG Yanqing, JIANG Gan, ZHOU Shiqi. Influence mechanism of achievement motivation on pilots' risk decision-making tendency[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(4): 44-51.

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样本特征	分组	人数	占比/%
年龄/岁	<25	70	37.2
	[26,30]	60	31.9
	[31,35]	33	17.6
	[36,40]	15	8.0
	>40	10	5.3
学历	专科及以下	14	7.4
	本科	159	84.6
	硕士及以上	15	8.0
飞行经验/h	<6 000	170	90.4
	[6 000,12 000]	12	6.4
	>12 000	6	3.2

潜变量	测量题项代码	因子载荷	Cronbach's α	CR	AVE	潜变量	测量题项代码	因子载荷	Cronbach's α	CR	AVE
风险决策倾向	A₁	0.798	0.854	0.858	0.507	避免失败动机	F₁	0.64	0.868	0.869	0.526
	A₂	0.773					F₂	0.684
	A₃	0.769					F₃	0.754
	A₄	0.698					F₄	0.734
	A₅	0.676					F₅	0.796
	A₆	0.52					F₆	0.733
寻求成功动机	S₁	0.531	0.852	0.856	0.501	危险态度	X₁	0.692	0.791	0.799	0.401
	S₂	0.699					X₂	0.57
	S₃	0.815					X₃	0.658
	S₄	0.756					X₄	0.697
	S₅	0.663					X₅	0.53
	S₆	0.749					X₆	0.635

潜变量	均值	标准差	风险决策倾向	追求成功动机	避免失败动机	危险态度
风险决策倾向	3.011	1.015	(0.712)	—	—	—
追求成功动机	3.224	0.779	0.445	(0.708)	—	—
避免失败动机	3.142	0.811	-0.440	-0.325	(0.725)	—
危险态度	3.150	0.551	0.590	0.437	-0.464	(0.633)

拟合指标	χ²/df	SRMR	RMSEA	GFI	AGFI	IFI	CFI	TLI
参考值	<3	<0.080	<0.080	>0.800	>0.800	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900
检验值	1.586	0.061	0.056	0.856	0.824	0.924	0.922	0.913

路径	非标准化系数	标准误	检验统计量Z值	显著性系数P值	标准化系数β
寻求成功动机→危险态度	0.297	0.089	3.337	<0.001	0.321
避免失败动机→危险态度	-0.276	0.072	-3.842	<0.001	-0.359
危险态度→风险决策倾向	0.831	0.203	4.098	<0.001	0.417
寻求成功动机→风险决策倾向	0.376	0.158	2.387	0.017	0.204
避免失败动机→风险决策倾向	-0.277	0.129	-2.143	0.032	-0.181