民航飞行员不安全行为中的差错与违规分类管理方法

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.12.0281

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决民航飞行员的不安全行为分类与量化评价的问题,优化其不安全行为的管理模式,以民航飞行领域为研究对象,提出民航飞行员不安全行为中的差错与违规分类管理方法。首先,基于不安全行为分类理论,区分差错与违规行为,系统化梳理针对差错和违规行为的干预改善方法;其次,采用专家访谈法和问卷调研法,形成飞行员不安全行为分类评价指标体系;再次,提出基于快速存取记录器(QAR)数据的不安全行为等级划分和基于飞行品质监控(FOQA)的不安全行为分数量化方法,实现飞行员不安全行为的分类量化评价;最后,梳理不安全行为分类管理流程并结合数据作算例验证。结果表明:经筛选计算得到的68项FOQA监测事件具有不同的致因行为倾向。基于此可结合QAR数据或FOQA记录,应用2种提出的不安全行为分类量化评价方法,并结合差错与违规行为的干预改善措施实现对民航飞行员不安全行为的分类管理。

关键词: 飞行员, 不安全行为, 差错, 违规, 分类管理

Abstract:

To address the classification and quantitative evaluation issues of unsafe behaviors of civil aviation pilots, the management mode of their unsafe behaviors was optimized. A method for managing unsafe behaviors in civil aviation was proposed focusing on the civil aviation flight field. Firstly, based on unsafe behavior classification theory, intervention and improvement methods for errors and violations were systematically analyzed to distinguish between errors and violations. Secondly, expert interviews and questionnaire surveys were used to propose a classification evaluation index system for pilots' unsafe behaviors. Furthermore, a classification method of unsafe behavior based on quick access recorder (QAR) data and a quantification method of unsafe behavior scores based on flight operations quality assurance (FOQA) were proposed to achieve a classified quantitative assessment of pilots' unsafe behaviors. Finally, the classifying and managing unsafe behavior process was analyzed and validated. The results indicated that the 68 FOQA monitoring events obtained by screening and calculation had different causal behavioral tendencies. The two proposed unsafe behavior classifications and quantitative evaluation methods can be combined with QAR data or FOQA records. Moreover, the classification management of unsafe behaviors of civil aviation pilots can be achieved by combining intervention and improvement measures for errors and violations.

Key words: pilots, unsafe behavior, errors, violations, classification management

中图分类号:

X949

汪磊, 韦子欣, 邹颖. 民航飞行员不安全行为中的差错与违规分类管理方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(12): 8-15.

WANG Lei, WEI Zixin, ZOU Ying. Classification and management method of errors and violations in civil aviation pilots' unsafe behaviors[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(12): 8-15.

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分值	监测事件致因
1分	完全是能力/技术不足
2分	可能是能力/技术不足
3分	说不定
4分	可能是习惯/态度不佳
5分	完全是习惯/态度不佳

信息	组别	样本量	占比/%
年龄/ 岁	20~29	13	17.10
	30~39	55	72.37
	40~50	8	10.53
飞行等级	教员	15	19.74
	机长	32	42.10
	副驾驶	29	38.16

监测事件	归属度	行为倾向
离地仰角大	0.39	差错
超最大起飞重量	0.85	违规
爬升掉高度	0.39	差错
着陆坡度大	0.37	差错
进近放起落架超过限制速度	0.73	违规
下滑道偏离	0.42	差错
高度偏离	0.62	违规
着陆垂直载荷大	0.38	差错
自动驾驶接通早	0.74	违规
接地点近/远	0.4	差错
未收到起飞许可擅自起飞	0.84	违规
调错进近最低标准	0.83	违规
着陆滑跑方向不稳定	0.37	差错
进停机位速度大	0.79	违规
低空大速度	0.57	违规

评价指标	很低	低	中等	高	很高
转弯时最大速度/kn	≤ 10.85	≤ 11.7	≤ 12.55	≤ 13.4	> 13.4
[35,1 000) ft 最大速度/kn	≤162	≤ 168	≤ 174	≤ 180	> 180
[1 000,2 000) ft 最大下降率/ (ft·min^-1)	≤ 1 444.5	≤ 1 872	≤ 2 299.5	≤ 2 727	> 2 727
[500,1 000) ft 最大下降率/ (ft·min^-1)	≤ 1 010	≤ 1 128	≤ 1 246	≤ 1 364	> 1 364

评价指标	权重	很低	低	中等	高	很高
转弯时最大速度/kn	0.14	(5.43, 4.61, 0.01)	(11.28, 0.36, 0.01)	(12.13, 0.36, 0.01)	(12.98, 0.36, 0.01)	(14.25, 0.72, 0.01)
[35,1 000) ft 最大速度/kn	0.08	(81.00, 68.79, 0.01)	(165.00, 2.55, 0.01)	(171.00, 2.55, 0.01)	(177, 2.55, 0.01)	(186.00, 5.10, 0.01)
[1 000,2 000) ft 最大下降率/ (ft·min^-1)	0.11	(722.25, 613.38, 0.01)	(1 658.25, 181.53, 0.01)	(2 085.75, 181.53, 0.01)	(2 513.25, 181.53, 0.01)	(3 154.50, 363.06, 0.01)
[500,1 000) ft 最大下降率/ (ft·min^-1)	0.11	(505.00, 428.87, 0.01)	(1 069.00, 50.11, 0.01)	(1 187, 50.11, 0.01)	(1 305, 50.11, 0.01)	(1 482.00, 100.21, 0.01)