我国煤矿重特大事故统计分析及对策建议

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.09.0208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示近年来我国煤矿事故特征,有针对性地提出事故防范对策建议,首先,收集整理2013—2023年全国重特大煤矿事故,分析事故发生的年份、类型、月份、省份和原因等方面;其次,以内蒙古新井煤业“2·22”特别重大坍塌事故为例,基于“2-4”模型(24Model)分析导致事故发生的原因;最后,结合以上分析和研究结果提出符合我国现阶段煤矿安全生产形势的事故预防对策与建议。结果表明:煤矿重特大事故发生起数和死亡人数呈整体下降趋势,且进入“十二五”规划以来,我国煤矿安全生产水平明显提高;瓦斯事故仍是我国煤矿主要事故,占事故总起数的51%;每年第4季度是煤矿事故高发期,占事故总起数的30.43%;受地质条件和赋存情况影响,煤炭主要产区发生事故较多;人的不安全行为导致的事故占比高达74%;当个体层面和组织层面存在隐患且双重预防措施不到位时,易发生事故;从安全监管、科技兴安、队伍建设、安全文化等4个维度提出降低煤矿安全事故的对策建议。

关键词: 煤矿, 重特大事故, 统计分析, “2-4”模型(24Model), 事故原因, 不安全行为

Abstract:

To reveal the characteristics of coal mine accidents in China in recent years, and put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions for accident prevention, firstly, the major and catastrophic coal mine accidents in China from 2013 to 2023 were collected and analyzed from the aspects of the year, type, month, province and cause of the accident. Secondly, taking "2·22" particularly serious collapse accident in Inner Mongolia Xinjing coal mine as an example, the accident was analyzed based on 24Model. Finally, combined with the above analysis and research results, the accident prevention countermeasures and suggestions in line with the current situation of coal mine safety production in China were put forward. The analysis and research results show that the number of major accidents and deaths in coal mines has shown an overall downward trend, and the level of coal mine safety production in China has significantly improved since the 12^th Five Year Plan. Gas accidents are still the main accidents in coal mines in China, accounting for 51%. The fourth quarter of each year is a period of high incidence of coal mine accidents, accounting for 30.43% of the total number of accidents. Affected by geological conditions and occurrence, accidents often occur in the main coal producing areas. The proportion of accidents caused by unsafe human behavior is as high as 74%. When there are hidden dangers at both the individual and organizational levels and the dual prevention measures are not in place, accidents are likely to occur. Countermeasures and suggestions for reducing coal mine safety accidents are put forward from four dimensions, including safety supervision, strengthening safety through science and technology, team development and safety culture.

Key words: coal mine, major accident, statistical analysis, "2-4" model (24Model), accident cause, unsafe behavior

中图分类号:

X928.01事故统计与报告

王海军, 齐庆杰, 梁运涛, 齐庆新, 刘英杰, 孙祚. 我国煤矿重特大事故统计分析及对策建议[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(9): 9-18.

WANG Haijun, QI Qingjie, LIANG Yuntao, QI Qingxin, LIU Yingjie, SUN Zuo. Statistical analysis and countermeasures of major accidents in coal mines in China[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(9): 9-18.

图/表 16

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

参考文献 18

[1]	齐庆杰, 刘文岗, 李首滨, 等. 煤矿事故隐患消除科技支撑对策研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2021, 49(4):20-27.
	QI Qingjie, LIU Wengang, LI Shoubin, et al. Study on scientific and technological support countermeasures to eliminate hidden dangers of coal mine accidents[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2021, 49(4):20-27.
[2]	冯宇峰, 李惠云, 杜龙龙, 等. 我国煤矿安全生产70年经验成效、形势分析及展望[J]. 中国煤炭, 2020, 46(5):47-56.
	FENG Yufeng, LI Huiyun, DU Longlong, et al. 70 years' experience, effect, situation analysis and prospect of coal mine safety production in China[J]. China Coal, 2020, 46(5): 47-56.
[3]	中国煤炭工业协会. 2022煤炭行业发展年度报告[EB/OL].[2023-09-28]. http://www.coalchina.org.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=464&id=146683.
[4]	叶黎明, 施式亮, 鲁义, 等. 基于ARIMA和XGBoost算法的煤矿安全态势预测[J]. 安全, 2022, 43(2):53-59.
	YE Liming, SHI Shiliang, LU Yi, et al. Prediction on safety situation of coal mine based on ARIMA and XGBoost algorithm[J]. Safety & Security, 2022, 43(2): 53-59.
[5]	高耀龙. “十三五”期间我国煤矿重特大事故统计及特征分析[J]. 采矿技术, 2023, 23(4):63-66.
	GAO Yaolong. Statistics and characteristic analysis of major coal mine accidents in China during the 13^th five year plan period[J]. Mining Technology, 2023, 23(4): 63-66.
[6]	张俊文, 杨虹霞. 2005—2019 年我国煤矿重大及以上事故统计分析及安全生产对策研究[J]. 煤矿安全, 2021, 52(12):261-264.
	ZHANG Junwen, YANG Hongxia. Statistical analysis of major and above accidents in coal mines in China from 2005 to 2019 and study on countermeasures for safe production[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2021, 52(12): 261-264.
[7]	王云刚, 崔春阳, 张飞燕, 等. 2011—2020年我国较大及以上煤矿事故统计分析及研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2023, 23(9):3269-3276.
	WANG Yungang, CUI Chunyang, ZHANG Feiyan, et al. Statistical analysis and research on major and above coal mine accidents in China from 2011 to 2020[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2023, 23(9): 3269-3276.
[8]	赵亚军, 张志男, 贾廷贵. 2010—2021年我国煤矿安全事故分析及安全对策研究[J]. 煤炭技术, 2023, 42(8):128-131.
	ZHAO Yajun, ZHANG Zhinan, JIA Tinggui. Analysis of coal mine safety accidents and research on safety countermeasures in China from 2010 to 2021[J]. Coal Technology, 2023, 42(8): 128-131.
[9]	张培森, 张晓乐, 董宇航, 等. 2008—2021 年我国煤矿事故规律分析及预测研究[J]. 矿业安全与环保, 2023, 50(2):136-140.
	ZHANG Peisen, ZHANG Xiaole, DONG Yuhang, et al. Law analysis and prediction research of coal mine accidents in Chinafrom 2008 to 2021[J]. Mining Safety & Environmental Protection, 2023, 50(2): 136-140.
[10]	程磊, 许艳之, 景国勋, 等. 全国煤矿事故统计分析及事故类型风险划分[J]. 煤炭技术, 2023, 42(6):128-132.
	CHENG Lei, XU Yanzhi, JING Guoxun, et al. Statistical analysis of national coal mine accidents and classification of accident type risk[J]. Coal Technology, 2023, 42(6): 128-132.
[11]	李敏, 林志军, 王德明, 等. 我国煤矿重特大火灾事故统计分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(1):115-121. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.01.0457
	LI Min, LIN Zhijun, WANG Deming, et al. Statistical analysis of major coal mine fire accidents in China[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(1): 115-121. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.01.0457
[12]	FU Gui, XIE Xuecai, JIA Qingsong, et al. The development history of accident causation models in the past 100 years: 24Model,a more modern accident causation model[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2020, 134: 47-82.
[13]	安宇, 王袆, 李子琪, 等. 基于TPB的矿工不安全行为形成机制[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(10):20-26. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.10.003
	AN Yu, WANG Hui, LI Ziqi, et al. Research on formation mechanism of miners' unsafe behaviors based on TPB[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(10): 20-26. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.10.003
[14]	傅贵, 陈奕燃, 许素睿, 等. 事故致因“2-4”模型的内涵解析及第6版的研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(1):12-19. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.002
	FU Gui, CHEN Yiran, XU Surui, et al. Detailed explanations of 24Model development of its 6^th version[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(1): 12-19. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.002
[15]	李爽, 贺超, 许锟. 煤矿安全双重预防机制理论、应用与发展研究[J]. 中国煤炭, 2021, 47(10):23-30.
	LI Shuang, HE Chao, XU Kun. Research on the theory, application and development of dual prevention mechanism of coal mine safety[J]. China Coal, 2021, 47(10): 23-30.
[16]	郝贵. 风险预控管理体系在神华集团的成功应用及推行前景[J]. 煤矿安全, 2011, 42(10):149-153.
	HAO Gui. The successful application and implementation prospect of risk pre-control management system in Shenhua Group[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2011, 42(10): 149-153.
[17]	田瑞云. 中国煤矿安全生产标准化建设探讨[J]. 煤炭工程, 2018, 50(增1):163-168.
	TIAN Ruiyun. Discussion on standardization construction of coal mine safety production in China[J]. Coal Engineering, 2018, 50(S1): 163-168.
[18]	高卓辉. 论开展企业安全文化建设的重要性与途径[J]. 煤炭工程, 2005, 37(6):8-10.
	GAO Zhuohui. On the importance and ways of developing enterprise safety culture construction[J]. Coal Engineering, 2005, 37(6): 8-10.

年份	重大事故起数	重大事故死亡人数	特大事故起数	特大事故死亡人数	原煤产量/ 亿t	百万吨死亡率
2013	13	209	1	36	39.7	0.293
2014	14	228	0	0	38.7	0.257
2015	5	84	0	0	37.5	0.159
2016	9	130	2	65	33.6	0.156
2017	7	87	0	0	35.2	0.106
2018	2	34	0	0	36.8	0.093
2019	4	74	0	0	39.7	0.083
2020	3	52	0	0	38.4	0.058
2021	2	41	0	0	40.7	0.044
2022	2	24	0	0	45.6	0.054
2023	4	50	1	53	47.1	0.094
合计	65	1013	4	154	—	—