我国粉尘爆炸事故知识图谱统计分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.01.0866

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为系统探究我国粉尘爆炸事故的时空规律、致因机制与防控策略,通过融合知识图谱技术与统计分析方法,分析我国1990—2024年粉尘爆炸事故相关文献和事故案例;采用CiteSpace可视化软件构建知识图谱,识别粉尘爆炸事故的时空分布特征与致因逻辑链;建立“危险源-设施-管理-应急”4层防控体系框架,并通过典型案例验证其有效性。结果表明:粉尘爆炸风险呈现“类型分化”与“地域迁移”的特征,具体表现为金属粉尘频发、煤尘高致死率、粮食粉尘易引发高次生伤害等,且事故热点呈现从东部向中西部地区转移的趋势。粉尘清理不当和除尘系统缺陷是核心致灾因素,人员违章操作和非防爆设备使用是主要触发条件,且致因结构存在显著的粉尘类型差异性。实施差异化和精准化防控策略是提升粉尘爆炸事故防控效能的关键手段。

关键词: 粉尘爆炸事故, 知识图谱, CiteSpace, 防控体系, 统计分析

Abstract:

This study aims to systematically explore the temporal and spatial patterns, causal mechanisms, and prevention and control strategies of dust explosion accidents in China. Knowledge graph technology combined with statistical analysis was used to analyze the relevant literature and accident cases of dust explosion accidents in China from 1990 to 2024. A knowledge graph was constructed using CiteSpace visualization software to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and the accident causality chain of dust explosion accidents. A four-layer prevention and control system framework of "hazard source-facility-management-emergency" was constructed, and its effectiveness was verified by typical cases. It is found that the risk of dust explosion shows the characteristics of "type differentiation" and "geographical migration", with frequent occurrence of dust, high fatality of coal dust and high secondary injury of grain dust explosions. The accident hotspots are showing a trend of shifting from the eastern to the central and western regions. Inadequate dust cleaning and defective dust removal systems are central causes, while operational violations and use of non-explosion-proof equipment are main triggering conditions, and the causal structure varies significantly with dust types. The implementation of differential and precise prevention and control strategies is the key means to improve the prevention and control efficiency of dust explosion accidents.

Key words: dust explosion accident, knowledge graph, CiteSpace, prevention and control system, statistical analysis

中图分类号:

X928.7火灾与爆炸事故

赵开功. 我国粉尘爆炸事故知识图谱统计分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(1): 35-41.

ZHAO Kaigong. Statistical analysis of knowledge graph of dust explosion accidents in China[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(1): 35-41.

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防控层级	核心内容	实施细节
危险源管控	粉尘特性与浓度控制	①建立企业可燃粉尘清单,明确粉尘的爆炸特性参数(如粉尘爆炸特性常数、最大爆炸压力、最小爆炸质量浓度、最小点火能量等);②实施粉尘源头控制,采用湿法作业、密闭输送等工艺减少粉尘扩散;③严格划分粉尘爆炸危险区域
设施保障	除尘与防爆设备	①设计与安装有效的除尘系统,包括采用抗爆、隔爆设计,规范管道风速等;②在爆炸危险区域全面使用防爆电气设备;③规范设备维护,防止机械摩擦、过热产生点火源;④安装有效的静电导除与接地装置;⑤根据风险评估结果,合理选用泄爆、抑爆、隔爆、抗爆等防护装置
管理体系	制度与培训	①制定并严格执行粉尘清理制度,确保作业场所无积尘;②建立动火作业、有限空间作业等高风险作业审批程序;③加强员工安全培训与警示教育,杜绝违章操作;④建立隐患排查治理长效机制,定期开展风险辨识评估
应急处置	预警与救援	①制定具有针对性和可操作性的粉尘爆炸专项应急预案;②配备符合要求的应急器材,消防设施,个人防护装备等;③定期组织应急演练,确保员工熟悉报警、疏散、初期扑救和医疗急救流程;④建立与周边企业和公共应急力量的联动机制