基于IMB模型的年长矿工不安全行为致因机制

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.01.1116

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 42-49.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.01.1116

基于IMB模型的年长矿工不安全行为致因机制

田方圆¹^,²^,³(), 李雯琪¹^,²^,³^,^**(), 解学才⁴^,⁵, 邱伟帅¹^,²^,³, 李红霞¹^,²^,³

¹ 西安科技大学管理学院,陕西西安 710054
² 西安市应急安全人因智能重点实验室,陕西西安 710054
³ 西安科技大学能源经济与管理研究中心,陕西西安 710054
⁴ 清华大学安全科学学院,北京 100084
⁵ 中国地质大学(北京) 工程技术学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-09-08 修回日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2026-01-28
通信作者:
** 李雯琪(2001—),女,甘肃酒泉人,硕士研究生,研究方向为安全与应急管理。E-mail: 23202098064@stu.xust.edu.cn。
作者简介:
田方圆 (1990—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,主要从事安全、管理、认知神经和工效学视域下的安全人因工程、应急管理和职业安全与健康等方面的研究。E-mail: tfy@xust.edu.cn。
解学才, 讲师。
李红霞, 教授。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(C类)(52504244); 教育部人文社会科学青年基金资助(23XJC630011); 教育部产学合作协同育人实践条件和实践基地建设项目(2507032817); 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2024JC-YBQN-0499)

Mechanisms underlying unsafe behaviors among older miners based on IMB model

TIAN Fangyuan¹^,²^,³(), LI Wenqi¹^,²^,³^,^**(), XIE Xuecai⁴^,⁵, QIU Weishuai¹^,²^,³, LI Hongxia¹^,²^,³

¹ School of Management, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China
² Xi'an Key Laboratory of Human Factors & Intelligence for Emergency, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China
³ Research Center for Energy Economics and Management, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China
⁴ Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
⁵ Faculty of GeoEngineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-09-08 Revised:2025-11-10 Published:2026-01-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对由采矿业年长矿工人数占比增加带来的劳动力结构性安全风险,探究年长矿工不安全行为致因机制特征。基于信息-动机-行为技巧(IMB)模型构建矿工不安全行为致因机制结构方程模型(SEM),并运用多群组分析对比年长与年轻矿工不安全行为影响路径的系数差异。研究结果表明:学历、安全知识等知识经验因素,安全态度、事故经历、心理健康、工作倦怠、风险态度等心理特征因素均对矿工的不安全行为具有显著影响,其中,工作能力在“知识经验—不安全行为”与“心理特征—不安全行为”路径中均发挥中介作用。此外,风险态度、心理健康、工作倦怠、学历、安全知识对年长矿工不安全行为的影响均大于年轻矿工。

关键词: 信息-动机-行为技巧(IMB)模型, 年长矿工, 工作能力, 不安全行为, 致因机制, 结构方程模型(SEM)

Abstract:

To address the structural safety risks in the workforce arising from the increasing proportion of older miners in the mining industry, this study investigated the causal mechanisms underlying unsafe behaviors among older miners. Drawing on the IMB model, a SEM was developed to examine the causal pathways of miners' unsafe behaviors, and multi-group analysis was employed to compare the path coefficient differences between older and younger miners. The results indicate that knowledge and experience factors such as educational attainment and safety knowledge, as well as psychological characteristic factors including safety attitudes, accident experience, mental health, job burnout, and risk attitudes, have significant effects on miners' unsafe behaviors. Notably, work ability mediates both the pathway from knowledge and experience to unsafe behaviors and the pathway from psychological characteristics to unsafe behaviors. In addition, risk attitudes, mental health, job burnout, educational attainment, and safety knowledge exert stronger influences on unsafe behaviors among older miners compared to their younger counterparts.

Key words: information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model, older miners, work ability, unsafe behavior, causal mechanisms, structural equation model (SEM)

中图分类号:

X910安全人体学

田方圆, 李雯琪, 解学才, 邱伟帅, 李红霞. 基于IMB模型的年长矿工不安全行为致因机制[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(1): 42-49.

TIAN Fangyuan, LI Wenqi, XIE Xuecai, QIU Weishuai, LI Hongxia. Mechanisms underlying unsafe behaviors among older miners based on IMB model[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(1): 42-49.

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特征	分类	人数	占比/%
性别	男	525	72.76
年龄/岁	≤45	382	27.24
年龄/岁	≥45	143	30.29
工龄/a	≤10	159	25.33
	10~20	133	35.43
	20~30	186	8.95
	>30	47	16.38
教育程度	小学、初中	86	44.95
	高中、中专	236	27.24
	大专	143	11.43
	本科	60	72.76

变量名称	Cronbach's α	CR	AVE
安全态度	0.848	0.908	0.768
安全知识	0.856	0.933	0.874
工作倦怠	0.937	0.96	0.889
工作能力	0.812	0.869	0.532
心理健康	0.879	0.943	0.892
风险态度	0.861	0.906	0.708

改善路径	效应值	Bootstrap 标准误	95%置信区间
改善路径	效应值	Bootstrap 标准误	下限	上限
知识经验→工作能力→不安全行为	-0.016^**	0.01	-0.043	-0.002
心理特征→工作能力→不安全行为	0.095^**	0.037	0.026	0.168
事故经历→心理特征→工作能力→不安全行为	0.018^**	0.008	0.005	0.035
安全态度→心理特征→工作能力→不安全行为	-0.039^**	0.018	-0.074	-0.007
工作倦怠→心理特征→工作能力→不安全行为	0.037^**	0.014	0.012	0.068
心理健康→心理特征→工作能力→不安全行为	0.043^**	0.017	0.014	0.079
风险态度→心理特征→工作能力→不安全行为	0.015^**	0.006	0.005	0.029
学历→知识经验→工作能力→不安全行为	-0.002^**	0.001	-0.006	0
安全知识→知识经验→工作能力→不安全行为	-0.013^**	0.008	-0.032	-0.002
工龄→知识经验→工作能力→不安全行为	0.008	0.007	-0.011	0.02

路径关系	路径系数差值	路径系数(年轻)	路径系数(年长)	P值
风险态度→心理特征→工作能力	0.086	-0.081	-0.167	0.021
心理健康→心理特征→工作能力	0.076	-0.249	-0.325	0.036
工作倦怠→心理特征→工作能力	0.072	-0.22	-0.291	0.041
学历→知识经验→不安全行为	0.049	-0.001	-0.05	0.049
安全知识→知识经验→不安全行为	0.145	0.027	-0.118	0.052

基于IMB模型的年长矿工不安全行为致因机制

Mechanisms underlying unsafe behaviors among older miners based on IMB model

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