基于SEM的矿工大五人格特质和情绪对不安全行为的影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.08.0723

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为进一步预防由矿工人格特质和心理因素引发的煤矿安全事故,选用大五人格作为人格特质,从情绪角度出发,研究大五人格特质和情绪对矿工不安全行为的预测作用,同时考察情绪在大五人格特质和不安全行为之间的调节效应。首先,运用SPSS26.0和AMOS26.0软件分析问卷信效度;其次,建立结构方程模型(SEM)并验证假设,在此基础上运用层次回归分析方法检验情绪调节效应。结果表明:外倾性、神经质、开放性这3种人格特质以及负性情绪对不安全行为有正向影响作用;宜人性和尽责性这2种人格特质以及正性情绪对不安全行为有负向影响作用;正性情绪在开放性人格特质对不安全行为的关系中有调节作用;负性情绪在神经质、开放性、外倾性和宜人性这4种人格特质对不安全行为之间的关系中有调节作用。研究结果可为煤矿企业可依据工人的人格特质和情绪状态追溯其安全隐患和制定策略干预员工不安全行为,从而提高现场安全生产水平。

关键词: 结构方程模型(SEM), 矿工, 大五人格特质, 情绪, 不安全行为

Abstract:

In order to further prevent coal mine safety accidents triggered by miners'personality traits and psychological factors, this study adopts the Big Five personality model to assess personality traits. From the perspective of emotions, this study explores the predictive role of the Big Five personality and emotions in miners'unsafe behaviors, while also examining the moderating effect of emotions on the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and unsafe behaviors. First, SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used to analyze the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Then, a SEM was established to verify the hypotheses. On this basis, the hierarchical regression analysis method was employed to test the moderating effect of emotions. The results show that: the three personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism, and openness, and negative emotions positively influence unsafe behaviors. The two personality traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness, and positive emotions negatively affect unsafe behaviors. Positive emotions play a moderating role in the relationship between the openness personality trait and unsafe behaviors. Negative emotions have a moderating effect in the relationships between the four personality traits of neuroticism, openness, extraversion, and agreeableness and unsafe behaviors. Therefore, coal mining enterprises can identify potential safety hazards and develop strategies to intervene in employees'unsafe behaviors based on workers'personality traits and emotional states, thereby enhancing the on-site safety level.

Key words: structural equation model(SEM), coal miners, Big Five personality traits, emotion, unsafe behavior

中图分类号:

X936

田水承, 聂玉蓉, 陈磊, 张筱雅. 基于SEM的矿工大五人格特质和情绪对不安全行为的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(8): 22-32.

TIAN Shuicheng, NIE Yurong, CHEN Lei, ZHANG Xiaoya. A SEM-based study of influence of miners'Big Five personality traits and emotions on unsafe behaviors[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(8): 22-32.

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量表名称	变量	Cronbach's α			CR	AVE
大五人格量表	神经质	0.907	0.840	0.886	0.887	0.725
	尽责性	0.871			0.899	0.749
	宜人性	0.901			0.872	0.694
	开放性	0.900			0.901	0.752
	外倾性	0.887			0.908	0.767
正负情绪量表	正性情绪	0.940	0.953		0.940	0.612
正负情绪量表	负性情绪	0.936	0.953		0.936	0.593
不安全行为量表	不安全行为	0.914			0.914	0.570

潜变量	神经质	尽责性	宜人性	开放性	外倾性	正性情绪	负性情绪	不安全行为
神经质	0.851	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
尽责性	-0.239^***	0.865	—	—	—	—	—	—
宜人性	-0.108^*	0.440^***	0.831	—	—	—	—	—
开放性	0.457^***	-0.255^***	-0.301^***	0.868	—	—	—	—
外倾性	0.500^***	-0.288^***	-0.264^***	0.542^***	0.876	—	—	—
正性情绪	-0.199^***	0.107^*	0.058^*	-0.084	-0.135^**	0.782	—	—
负性情绪	0.289^***	-0.254^***	-0.253^***	0.469^***	0.394^***	-0.025^*	0.770	—
不安全行为	0.529^***	-0.430^***	-0.433^***	0.744^***	0.707^***	-0.186^***	0.608^***	0.755

评价指标	χ²/df	GFI	AGFI	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
参考标准	<5	>0.9	>0.9	>0.9	>0.9	<0.08
模型拟合指数	1.158	0.893	0.879	0.972	0.97	0.031

路径关系			标准化回归系数	统计标准误差SE	组成信度CR	假设检验值P	显著性
不安全行为	←	神经质	0.097	0.024	2.62	0.009	显著
不安全行为	←	尽责性	-0.104	0.023	-3.012	0.003	显著
不安全行为	←	宜人性	-0.127	0.024	-3.591	^***	显著
不安全行为	←	开放性	0.36	0.029	8.352	^***	显著
不安全行为	←	外倾性	0.301	0.026	7.322	^***	显著
不安全行为	←	正性情绪	-0.072	0.026	-2.496	0.013	显著
不安全行为	←	负性情绪	0.233	0.033	6.511	^***	显著

变量	不安全行为
变量	模型1	模型2		模型3	模型4	模型5
神经质	0.283^***	—		—	—	—
正性情绪	-0.09^*	—		—	—	—
正性情绪×神经质	0.044	—		—	—	—
尽责性	—	-0.243^***		—	—	—
正性情绪	—	-0.131^***		—	—	—
正性情绪×尽责性	—	-0.039		—	—	—
宜人性	—	—		-0.254^***	—	—
正性情绪	—	—		-0.14^***	—	—
正性情绪×宜人性	—	—		0.001	—	—
开放性	—	—		—	-0.423^*	—
正性情绪	—		—	—	-0.128^***	—
正性情绪×开放性	—		—	—	0.047^*	—
外倾性	—		—	—	—	0.394^***
正性情绪	—		—	—	—	-0.077^*
正性情绪×外倾性	—		—	—	—	-0.021