机械加工车间作业人员不安全行为识别模型

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.08.0176

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高机械加工车间作业人员的安全管理水平,构建基于YOLOv11的识别模型,融合元架构视觉模块(MetaFormer)、混合聚合网络(MANet)以及自适应特征网格卷积注意力机制(AFGC Attention),改进YOLOv11模型,并建立真实车间环境下的视频数据集,验证上述模型。结果表明:改进YOLOv11模型能够识别无人值守、未佩戴面罩作业、未穿着防护服作业3种行为,F₁指数均达到0.93以上;改进的模型在小尺寸目标识别方面的性能具有显著提升,识别戴手套作业行为的F₁指数从0.684提升至0.708,平均精度均值(mAP)@0.5值从0.604提升到0.651。

关键词: 机械加工车间, 作业人员, 不安全行为, YOLOv11, 注意力机制

Abstract:

To enhance the safety management of operators in machining workshops, an identification model based on YOLOv11 was constructed. The YOLOv11 model was improved by integrating the MetaFormer architecture, Mixed Aggregation Network (MANet) module, and Adaptive Feature Grid Convolution Attention (AFGC Attention) mechanism. A video dataset captured in a real workshop environment was established to validate the identification model. The results show that the improved YOLOv11 model can identify three types of behaviors, namely unattended operation, operating without a face shield, and operating without protective clothing, with F₁scores exceeding 0.93 for all categories. The improved model demonstrates a significant enhancement in identifying small-sized targets, with the F₁ score for identifying glove-wearing behavior increasing from 0.684 to 0.708, and the mAP@0.5 value rising from 0.604 to 0.651. The research findings may provide technical support for the identification and early warning of unsafe behaviors among operators in machining workshops.

Key words: machining workshops, operators, unsafe behaviors, YOLOv11, attention mechanism

中图分类号:

X941

胡啸峰, 滕腾, 胡今鸣, 温家骏. 机械加工车间作业人员不安全行为识别模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(8): 40-47.

HU Xiaofeng, TENG Teng, HU Jinming, WEN Jiajun. Identification model of unsafe behaviors among operators in machining workshops[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(8): 40-47.

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方案编号	防护面罩	手套	防护服	围巾
1	—	—	—	—
2	√	—	—	—
3	—	√	—	—
4	—	—	√
5	—	—	—	√
6	—	√	—	√
7	√	√	—	—
8	√	√	—	√
9	√		√	√
10	√	√	√	√

行为类型	识别目标	图像总数	标签总数
不安全着装	未佩戴防护面罩	2 085	1 843
	未穿着防护服	1 933	2 229
	戴手套作业	1 767	2 546
	戴围巾作业	1 789	1 836
违规操作	坐姿作业	4 161	4 295
违规操作	台钻无人值守	3 010	2 024

行为类型	P	R	mAP@0.5	F₁
未佩戴面罩	0.944 (0.941)	0.926 (0.923)	0.954 (0.953)	0.935 (0.932)
未穿防护服	1.000 (0.999)	0.987 (0.983)	0.995 (0.995)	0.993 (0.991)
戴手套作业	0.706 (0.735)	0.663 (0.682)	0.604 (0.651)	0.684 (0.708)
戴围巾作业	0.842 (0.880)	0.839 (0.826)	0.830 (0.841)	0.840 (0.852)
坐姿作业	0.882 (0.911)	0.868 (0.845)	0.952 (0.944)	0.875 (0.877)
无人值守	0.991 (0.982)	0.989 (0.989)	0.994 (0.99)	0.990 (0.985)

MANet	MetaFormer	AFGC Attention	P	R	mAP@0.5	F₁
—	—	—	0.706	0.663	0.604	0.684
√	—	—	0.687	0.663	0.606	0.675
—	√	—	0.693	0.682	0.645	0.687
—	—	√	0.734	0.654	0.661	0.692
√	√	—	0.731	0.668	0.629	0.698
√	—	√	0.718	0.605	0.621	0.657
—	√	√	0.657	0.67	0.596	0.663
√	√	√	0.735	0.682	0.651	0.708

模型	P	R	mAP@0.5	F₁
Faster R-CNN	0.278	0.356	0.202	0.312
SSD	0.628	0.427	0.405	0.508
YOLOv8x	0.710	0.644	0.633	0.675
YOLOv9e	0.693	0.632	0.644	0.661
YOLOv10x	0.660	0.621	0.621	0.640
YOLOv11x	0.706	0.663	0.604	0.684
YOLOv11x_MMA	0.735	0.682	0.651	0.708