摇摆、时间压力对DCS操作员监视绩效和工作负荷的影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0362

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 9-16.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.11.0362

• 安全社会科学与安全管理 • 上一篇下一篇

摇摆、时间压力对DCS操作员监视绩效和工作负荷的影响

胡鸿¹(), 武江², 张勉³, 沈超², 易灿南¹^,^**(), 赵彩俊¹

¹ 湖南工学院安全与管理工程学院,湖南衡阳 421002
² 中广核研究院有限公司,深圳广东 518000
³ 南华大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南衡阳 421001

收稿日期:2024-07-10 修回日期:2024-09-15 出版日期:2024-11-28
通信作者:
** 易灿南(1981—),女,湖南宁乡人,博士,教授,主要从事职业安全与健康以及人因工程方面的研究。E-mail:yicannan310@126.com。
作者简介:
胡鸿 (1979—),男,湖南邵阳人,博士,教授,主要从事人因可靠性方面的研究。E-mail:fengzhisu16@163.com。
武江, 工程师
沈超, 高级工程师
易灿南, 教授
赵彩俊, 讲师
基金资助:
湖南省自然科学基金(2024JJ5122); 湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ4263); 大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202411528046); 大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202411528064)

Effects of vibration and time pressure on monitoring performance and workload of operators in DCS

HU Hong¹(), WU Jiang², ZHANG Mian³, SHEN Chao², YI Cannan¹^,^**(), ZHAO Caijun¹

¹ School of Safety and Management Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Hengyang Hunan 421002, China
² China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Guangdong 518000, China
³ School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China

Received:2024-07-10 Revised:2024-09-15 Published:2024-11-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解摇摆、时间压力对数字化控制系统(DCS)操作员监视作业的影响,降低人因失误,设计监视试验获得摇摆(静止、低和高)和时间压力(无时间压力和有时间压力)条件下操作员监视绩效和工作负荷;运用统计学方法分析摇摆和时间压力对监视绩效和工作负荷的影响。结果表明:摇摆对监视绩效(监视时间和正确率)和工作负荷影响均不显著,但随着摇摆级别的增加,监视时间和工作负荷呈现上升趋势;时间压力显著影响监视时间和工作负荷,但对正确率影响不显著;监视任务中,状态确认任务用时显著多于数据比较任务,但正确率差异不显著。摇摆条件下DCS操作员监视绩效和工作负荷与静止条件基本一致;有时间压力条件下,DCS操作员监视工作负荷较大,但监视时间较短。

关键词: 摇摆, 时间压力, 数字化控制系统(DCS), 操作员, 监视绩效, 工作负荷

Abstract:

To explore the effects of vibration and time pressure on monitoring tasks in DCS and reduce human error, a monitoring experiment was designed to measure the monitoring performance and workload under vibration conditions (static, low and high) and time pressure conditions (no time pressure and time pressure). Statistical methods were used to explore the influence of vibration and time pressure on the monitoring performance and workload. The results show that the vibration (monitoring time and accuracy) has no significant effect on monitoring performance. Both the monitoring time and the workload show rising trends with the increase of the vibrating level. The time pressure has a significant impact on monitoring time and workload, but has no significant impact on accuracy. The monitoring time in the state confirmation task is significantly longer than that of data comparison, but the accuracy difference is not significant. The monitoring performance and workload of DCS operators in the vibrating condition are basically the same as that in the static condition. In the time-pressure condition, the DCS operators' workload is heavy, but the monitoring time is short.

Key words: vibration, time pressure, digital control system (DCS), operator, monitoring performance, workload

中图分类号:

X912.9安全人机学

胡鸿, 武江, 张勉, 沈超, 易灿南, 赵彩俊. 摇摆、时间压力对DCS操作员监视绩效和工作负荷的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(11): 9-16.

HU Hong, WU Jiang, ZHANG Mian, SHEN Chao, YI Cannan, ZHAO Caijun. Effects of vibration and time pressure on monitoring performance and workload of operators in DCS[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(11): 9-16.

图/表 10

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自由度	静止		低摇摆		高摇摆
自由度	幅度/ mm	周期/ s	幅度/ mm	周期/ s	幅度/ mm	周期/ s
横向	±0	0	±50	8	±90	8
纵向	±0	0	±50	4	±90	4
垂直	±0	0	±50	4	±90	4

因素	级别	正确率/%	监视时间/ms
摇摆	静止	96.29±5.62	1 794.55±613.19
	低摇摆	96.37±5.94	1 828.80±618.08
	高摇摆	96.45±5.40	1 843.62±587.87
时间压力	无	96.90±5.48	1 915.40±661.86
时间压力	有	95.83±5.77	1 729.25±528.39
任务类型	数据比较	96.51±5.95	1 540.80±479.10
任务类型	状态确认	96.22±5.34	2 103.85±588.04

因素	级别	心智需求	体力需求	时间需求	挫折程度	自我绩效	努力程度	NASA总分
摇摆条件	静止	5.78±3.39	4.16±2.60	5.47±4.11	4.72±3.16	6.66±4.74	4.05±2.98	30.83±16.24
	低摇摆	6.06±3.27	5.64±3.84	5.97±3.49	4.75±3.07	7.23±4.81	4.30±3.06	33.95±16.34
	高摇摆	6.75±3.63	5.92±4.07	6.44±3.94	4.45±2.85	7.25±3.89	4.70±3.44	35.52±16.45
时间压力	无	5.70±3.08	4.94±3.38	5.21±3.67	4.31±3.05	6.78±4.38	4.16±3.24	31.09±15.36
时间压力	有	6.70±3.71	5.54±3.85	6.71±3.92	4.97±2.95	7.31±4.59	4.54±3.09	35.77±17.09

文献	任务	级别	时间/s	正确率/%	备注
XUE Hongjun 等^[8]	单目标	静止	2.30	99.2	影响不显著
		轻微	2.21	98.9
		中等	2.29	98.8
	双目标	静止	3.80	97.5
		轻微	3.84	97.8
		中等	3.82	97.1
TAO Da 等^[9]	无目标	静止	4.40	85.0
		纵摇	4.60	92.9
		艏摇	4.50	96.4
	单目标	静止	2.40	26.5
		纵摇	2.40	28.3
		艏摇	2.40	29.5
	双目标	静止	4.00	17.4
		纵摇	3.90	18.8
		艏摇	4.00	20.4
	三目标	静止	5.50	11.92
		纵摇	5.30	13.1
		艏摇	5.40	14.1
蔡剑^[26]	单目标	静止	2.44	98.7
		轻微	2.38	98.6
		中等	2.45	98.8
	双目标	静止	4.30	97.3
		轻微	4.20	97.7
		中等	4.24	97.6

文献	时间压力条件		时间/s	失误率/%	备注
董晓璐^[10]	传统界面	高(25 s)	10.02	8.50	影响显著
	传统界面	低(40 s)	12.36	1.00
	生态界面	高(25 s)	10.46	4.40
	生态界面	低(40 s)	11.43	1.20
于航^[17]	高(25 s)		6.26	5.60
于航^[17]	低(40 s)		7.46	3.60
孙璐等^[18]	有(12 min)		5.22	1.06	仅显著影响任务时间
孙璐等^[18]	无		9.03	0.96
甘文娟^[19]	有(613 s)		7.61	0.16
甘文娟^[19]	无		9.71	0.14

摇摆、时间压力对DCS操作员监视绩效和工作负荷的影响

Effects of vibration and time pressure on monitoring performance and workload of operators in DCS

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参考文献 26

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试验	时间压力条件	R值	备注
文中	有(5 s),无	1.15	摇摆
王庄^[16]	高(系数0.8)	1.10	静止
	较高(系数0.9)	0.88
	中(系数1)	1.06
	较低(系数1.2)	1.02
	低(系数1.4)	1.00
于航^[17]	高(25 s),低(40 s)	1.2	静止
孙璐等^[18]	有(12 min),无	1.14	静止

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