多因子修正的补货作业负荷评估模型及仿真研究*

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.08.1308

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 201-207.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.08.1308

多因子修正的补货作业负荷评估模型及仿真研究*

陈昌华¹^,²(), 许帅帅², 蒋玉香², 杨小杰³, 熊光辉⁴

¹ 西华大学管理学院, 四川成都 610039
² 西华大学国际经济与管理研究院, 四川成都 610039
³ 西华大学应急管理学院, 四川成都 610039
⁴ 宜宾市翠屏区应急管理局, 四川宜宾 644000

收稿日期:2022-02-18 修回日期:2022-05-11 出版日期:2022-09-05 发布日期:2023-02-28
作者简介:
陈昌华 (1982—),男,四川宜宾人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事运营管理、系统建模与仿真、安全生产等方面的研究。E-mail: cch.scu@163.com。
杨小杰,副教授。
基金资助:
四川省科技计划项目(2022YFS0515); 四川省科技计划项目(2017GZ0358); 四川省科技计划项目(2017GZ0187); 西华大学国际经济与管理研究院研究生创新基金资助(2021001)

Research on multi-factor-modified workload evaluation model of replenishment operation and its simulation

CHEN Changhua¹^,²(), XU Shuaishuai², JIANG Yuxiang², YANG Xiaojie³, XIONG Guanghui⁴

¹ School of Management, Xihua University, Chengdu Sichuan 610039, China
² Institute of International Economics and Management, Xihua University, Chengdu Sichuan 610039, China
³ School of Emergency Management, Xihua University, Chengdu Sichuan 610039, China
⁴ Yibin Cuiping District Emergency Management Bureau, Yibin Sichuan 644000, China

Received:2022-02-18 Revised:2022-05-11 Online:2022-09-05 Published:2023-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高工作负荷评估的准确性,预防补货作业人员因疲劳引发的职业性肌肉骨骼损伤(WMSDs),提出一种基于能量消耗模型的多因子修正工作负荷评估方法。将补货作业分解为搬运作业循环、开箱活动和上货作业循环,构建适用于补货作业的能量消耗模型;以能量消耗和作业时间为主衡量指标,引入耗氧量、作业姿势和下背部受力等工效学指标为修正因子,建立补货作业负荷评估模型;结合Jack数字人仿真进行评估,验证该模型的有效性和准确性。结果表明:相比于仅考虑能量消耗和作业时间的工作负荷评估,多工效学因素能够对评估结果起到修正作用,更加接近实际情况,有助于预防补货作业过程中的WMSDs;不同补货上架商品数量对能量消耗和工作负荷具有显著影响。

关键词: 多因子修正, 补货作业, 工作负荷, 评估模型, 职业性肌肉骨骼损伤(WMSDs), 能量消耗, Jack软件

Abstract:

In order to improve accuracy of workload assessment and prevent WMSDs caused by fatigue of replenishment operation workers, a multi-factor-modified workload evaluation method based on energy consumption model was proposed. The replenishment operation was divided into handling operation cycle, opening box activity and restocking shelves operation cycle, and an energy consumption model suitable for replenishment was built. Then, with energy consumption and working time as main measurement indexes, oxygen consumption, working posture and ergonomics index of lower back were introduced as correction factors, and a workload assessment model was established. Finally, the model's effectiveness and accuracy were verified through the case of Jack digital human simulation. The results show that compared with workload evaluation that only considers energy consumption and operation time, the proposed one is closer to actual situation, and is more helpful to prevent WMSDs in replenishment operation as multi-ergonomic factors can correct assessment results. Moreover, energy consumption and workload are significantly affected by quantity of replenishment and shelving.

Key words: multi-factor correction, replenishment operation, workload, evaluation model, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), energy consumption, Jack simulation

陈昌华, 许帅帅, 蒋玉香, 杨小杰, 熊光辉. 多因子修正的补货作业负荷评估模型及仿真研究*[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(8): 201-207.

CHEN Changhua, XU Shuaishuai, JIANG Yuxiang, YANG Xiaojie, XIONG Guanghui. Research on multi-factor-modified workload evaluation model of replenishment operation and its simulation[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(8): 201-207.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

图3

表3

3种工作负荷评估模型及评估结果对比

工作负荷评估方法	方法1	方法2	方法3
工作负荷评估方法	以能量消耗为衡量指标^{[10⇓⇓⇓-14]}	以能量消耗和作业时间为衡量指标^[18]	以能量消耗和作业时间为衡量指标,考虑多因子修正
工作负荷评估模型	$W = E t E r$	$W = E t E r · t α t β$	$W = α E t E r · t α t β$
工作负荷W	1.286	0.769	0.787
工作负荷等级	5	3	3

表3

图4

图5

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等级	工作负荷W	说明
1	≤0.4	工作负荷低,作业人员不能得到充分利用,造成资源浪费
2	(0.4,0.6]	工作负荷相对较低,补货作业可以根据实际情况进行调整
3	(0.6,0.8]	工作负荷正常,补货作业强度与人体生理健康达到相对平衡
4	(0.8,1]	工作负荷较高,需要改善以减轻作业人员的作业负担
5	>1	工作负荷不合理,无法完成作业,需要立即重新制定

多因子修正的补货作业负荷评估模型及仿真研究*

Research on multi-factor-modified workload evaluation model of replenishment operation and its simulation

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