基于贝叶斯网络的男职工噪声暴露与负性情绪路径分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.02.0322

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究职业噪声暴露人员负性情绪的影响路径,首先以5家典型制造业中493名高噪声暴露男职工作为研究对象,通过职业卫生调查、噪声测定及心理量表收集数据;然后采用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)回归筛选出年龄、累积噪声暴露(CNE)、婚姻状况等9个关键变量,并据此构建贝叶斯网络模型。结果显示,男职工负性情绪检出率为5.7%,平均噪声暴露水平为91.5 dB(A);模型识别出多条影响路径,其概率分布存在年龄差异:<30岁组以“年龄→婚姻状况→负性情绪”为主(16.4%),30~39岁组以“年龄→负性情绪”为主(30.6%),而≥40岁组则以“年龄→CNE→负性情绪”为主(21.5%~29.4%),且高CNE组负性情绪发生概率普遍高于中暴露组。研究表明:高噪声暴露下男职工的负性情绪产生受年龄、CNE、吸烟、饮酒及婚姻状况等因素交互影响,贝叶斯网络能有效揭示其复杂路径关系。

关键词: 贝叶斯网络, 男职工, 高噪声暴露, 负性情绪, 路径分析

Abstract:

In order to explore the influencing pathways of negative emotions among occupational noise-exposed workers, 493 male workers with high noise exposure from five typical manufacturing enterprises were recruited as subjects. Data were collected through occupational health surveys, noise measurements, and psychological scales. Key variables, including age, cumulative noise exposure (CNE), marital status, and nine other factors, were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, based on which a Bayesian network model was constructed. The results showed that the detection rate of negative emotions among male workers was 5.7%, with an average noise exposure level of 91.5 dB(A). The model identified multiple influencing pathways, and their probability distributions varied across age groups: in the <30 years group, the pathway “age → marital status → negative emotions” was predominant (16.4%); in the 30-39 years group, the direct pathway “age → negative emotions” was most prominent (30.6%); while in the ≥40 years group, the pathway “age → CNE → negative emotions” was dominant (21.5%-29.4%). Moreover, the high CNE group generally exhibited a higher probability of negative emotions than the medium exposure group. The study indicates that negative emotions among male workers under high noise exposure are interactively influenced by factors such as age, CNE, smoking, drinking, and marital status. The Bayesian network model effectively reveals these complex pathway relationships.

Key words: Bayesian network, male workers, high noise exposure, negative emotions, path analysis

中图分类号:

X966

段昕昀, 李林玥, 马景璇, 王永伟. 基于贝叶斯网络的男职工噪声暴露与负性情绪路径分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(2): 235-243.

DUAN Xinyun, LI Linyue, MA Jingxuan, WANG Yongwei. Path analysis of negative emotions in high-noise-exposed male workers based on Bayesian network models[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(2): 235-243.

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变量^*			合计/人	占比/%	负性情绪				P值
变量^*			合计/人	占比/%	无/人	占比/%	有/人	占比/%	P值
年龄/岁		<30	186	37.7	176	37.8	10	35.7	0.898
		30~39	58	11.8	54	11.6	4	14.3
		40~49	178	36.1	167	35.9	11	39.3
		≥50	71	14.4	68	14.6	3	10.7
工种		铆工	379	76.9	353	75.9	26	92.9	0.286
		钳工	26	5.3	26	5.6	0	0.0
		钣金工	62	12.6	60	12.9	2	7.1
		其他工种	26	5.3	26	5.6	0	0.0
CNE		中暴露组	277	56.2	267	57.4	10	35.7	0.040
CNE		高暴露组	216	43.8	198	42.6	18	64.3	0.040
文化程度		大专以下	164	33.3	154	33.1	10	35.7	0.054
		大专	286	58.0	274	58.9	12	42.9
		本科	29	5.9	25	5.4	4	14.3
婚姻状况	单身未婚		146	29.6	136	29.2	10	35.7	0.568
	已婚(含再婚)		329	66.7	312	67.1	17	60.7
	离异或丧偶		10	2.0	9	1.9	1	3.6
吸烟习惯	从不吸烟		192	38.9	180	38.7	12	42.9	0.554
	已戒烟		32	6.5	31	6.7	1	3.6
	偶尔吸烟		55	11.2	50	10.8	5	17.9
	每天吸烟		214	43.4	204	43.9	10	35.7
饮酒习惯	从不饮酒		107	21.7	103	22.2	4	14.3	0.239
	已戒酒		17	3.4	17	3.7	0	0.0
	偶尔饮酒		327	66.3	308	66.2	19	67.9
	每天饮酒		35	7.1	31	6.7	4	14.3
听力异常	是		210	42.6	196	42.2	14	50.0	0.536
听力异常	否		283	57.4	269	57.8	14	50.0	0.536
服用耳毒性药物	是		207	42.0	192	41.3	15	53.6	0.097
	否		32	6.5	29	6.2	3	10.7
	不清楚		247	50.1	238	51.2	9	32.1
先天性耳聋家族史	有		4	0.8	3	0.6	1	3.6	0.047
	无		470	95.3	446	95.9	24	85.7
	不清楚		19	3.9	16	3.4	3	10.7
噪声敏感性	低敏感		44	8.9	43	9.2	1	3.6	0.584
	中度敏感		177	35.9	168	36.1	9	32.1
	高敏感		272	55.2	254	54.6	18	64.3

变量	回归系数
年龄	-0.067
工种	-0.418
个体噪声暴露	0.000
接噪工龄	0.000
CNE	0.845
文化程度	0.000
婚姻状况	-0.284
吸烟习惯	-0.082
饮酒习惯	0.289
听力异常	0.000
服用耳毒性药物	-0.324
先天性耳聋家族史	0.688
噪声敏感性	0.209

路径	年龄组/岁
路径	<30	30~39	40~49	≥50
年龄→负性情绪	15.8	30.6	18.3	23.8
年龄→婚姻状况→负性情绪	16.4	28.2	16.5	22.6
年龄→饮酒习惯→负性情绪	13.2	26.5	14.1	19.7
年龄→吸烟习惯→负性情绪	13.3	24.7	13.1	20.2
年龄→吸烟习惯→饮酒习惯→负性情绪	12.2	21.7	8.6	17.7
年龄→服用耳毒性药物→噪声敏感性→负性情绪	15.5	25.2	16.0	22.0
年龄→噪声敏感性→负性情绪	15.5	25.2	16.0	22.0
年龄→CNE→负性情绪	14.3	25.0	21.5	29.4
年龄→CNE→噪声敏感性→负性情绪	14.4	18.5	19.8	27.6

路径	组别^*
路径	类别1	类别2	类别3	类别4
吸烟习惯→负性情绪	18.6	35.0	26.6	16.3
吸烟习惯→饮酒习惯→负性情绪	14.8	30.1	21.2	13.5
饮酒习惯→负性情绪	22.8	39.9	15.9	31.5
工种→CNE→负性情绪	17.5	19.8	19.3	19.4

路径	组别^*
路径	类别1	类别2	类别3
婚姻状况→负性情绪	18.0	19.4	45.6
服用耳毒性药物→噪声敏感性→负性情绪	18.0	18.4	17.6
噪声敏感性→负性情绪	29.0	19.5	17.9
先天性耳聋家族史→服用耳聋性药物→噪声敏感性→负性情绪	16.4	17.6	17.4
先天性耳聋家族史→噪声敏感性→负性情绪	16.9	17.9	17.8