酸激发偏高岭土-脲醛树脂复合胶凝封堵材料研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.08.1440

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对煤矿井下漏风引发的煤自燃灾害,针对传统碱激发地质聚合物封堵材料收缩开裂、碱性腐蚀,以及磷酸激发体系依赖热固化等问题,提出一种酸激发偏高岭土-脲醛树脂复合胶凝材料(GM-3),通过引入纳米Al₂O₃改性三聚氰胺-脲醛发泡树脂(AMUF),使其室温固化,并系统分析其力学性能、热稳定性、阻燃性与堵漏性能。结果表明:AMUF掺量为3%时,GM-3可使室温固化,7和14天抗压强度分别达8.77、14.05 MPa,显著优于磷酸激发偏高岭土地质聚合物(MKG);热重(TG)分析显示,GM-3具有更高的残炭率与热稳定性;阻燃测试表明其峰值热释放速率(PHRR)和总烟释放量(TSR)大幅降低,且无法被点燃,防火安全性优异;在堵漏风模拟试验中,GM-3在气流速度1~6 L/min、压力0.05~0.2 MPa条件下平均堵漏效率超过90%,性能优于对比材料木质素改性碱激发煤基固废地质聚合物胶凝堵漏材料(LFGS)。

关键词: 酸激发, 偏高岭土, 地质聚合物, 脲醛树脂, 复合胶凝, 封堵材料, 堵漏风

Abstract:

To address coal spontaneous combustion disasters caused by air leakage in underground coal mines, an acid-activated metakaolin-urea-formaldehyde resin composite cementitious material, GM-3 was proposed. The material was developed to overcome the shrinkage cracking and alkaline corrosion of traditional alkali-activated geopolymer sealing materials, as well as the dependence of phosphate-activated systems on heat curing. By incorporating nano-Al₂O₃-modified melamine-urea-formaldehyde foaming resin (AMUF), the material solidified at room-temperature. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and sealing performance were investigated. The results show that GM-3 can be cured at room temperature when the AMUF content is 3%. The 7 and 14-day compressive strengths reach 8.77 MPa and 14.05 MPa, respectively. These values are significantly higher than those of phosphate-activated metakaolin-based geopolymer(MKG). Thermogravimetric(TG) analysis shows that GM-3 has a higher char yield and better thermal stability. Flame retardancy tests show that the peak heat release rate(PHRR) and total smoke release(TSR) are greatly reduced. GM-3 cannot be ignited, indicating excellent fire safety. In simulated air leakage sealing tests, the average sealing efficiency of GM-3 exceeds 90% under airflow rates of 1-6 L/min and pressures of 0.05-0.2 MPa. Its performance is better than that of the comparative lignin-modified alkali-activated coal-based solid-waste geopolymer cementitious sealing material (LFGS).

Key words: acid-activated, metakaolin, geopolymer, urea-formaldehyde resin, composite cementitious, sealing material, air leakage sealing

中图分类号:

X936

窦国兰, 王静宇, 霍帅, 陈鹏, 仲晓星, 唐芙蓉. 酸激发偏高岭土-脲醛树脂复合胶凝封堵材料研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(8): 114-123.

Dou Guolan, Wang Jingyu, Huo Shuai, Chen Peng, Zhong Xiaoxing, Tang Furong. Research on acid-activated metakaolin-urea-formaldehyde resin composite cementitious sealing materials[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(8): 114-123.

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序号	偏高岭土/g	H₃PO₄/g	水灰比	酸灰比
1	60	14.12	0.35	0.2
2	60	14.12	0.40	0.2
3	60	14.12	0.45	0.2
4	60	14.12	0.50	0.2
5	60	3.53	0.35	0.05
6	60	7.06	0.35	0.10
7	60	10.59	0.35	0.15
8	60	17.65	0.35	0.25

样品	θ_30% /℃	θ_50% /℃	θ_65%/℃	残余质量/%
MKG	68.3 ± 1.5	100.8 ± 1.8	185.3 ± 1.1	82.2 ± 0.6
GM-3	84.1 ± 2.1	160.7 ± 2.3	292.4 ± 1.3	85.1 ± 0.7

试样	TTI/s	THR / (MJ/m²)	PHRR / (kW/m²)	FPI/ (s·m²/kW)
GM-3	∞	1.5	3.6	∞
AMUF	68	5.6	24.3	2.8