防火密封胶理化性能、热解和燃烧特性研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.09.1312

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高防火封堵材料的防火特性,以防火密封胶为研究对象,进行常规理化性能测试,并通过热重-红外光谱联用试验以及锥形量热仪试验揭示其微尺度-实验室尺度的热解和燃烧特性,探究防火密封胶在氮气和空气2种气氛中的热解行为和不同热辐射通量下的燃烧特性。结果表明:微尺度氮气氛围热解过程可较为明显地针对聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、丙烯酸3种物质划分为3个阶段,而空气氛围燃烧过程中氧气的存在促进聚磷酸铵和三聚氰胺反应阶段的融合;温度在850 K之前,氮气氛围下反应生成气体产物以氨气为主,而空气氛围下生成的气体产物同时伴随较多的氨气、二氧化碳和水;温度在850 K之后,2种氛围下生成的气体产物均为二氧化碳和水;实验室尺度的锥形量热仪试验中辐射热通量越大,点燃时间越短,有害气体生成速率和峰值越高,计算得到的火灾危险性评价指数也进一步表征更高的火灾危险性。

关键词: 防火密封胶, 理化性能, 热解, 燃烧特性, 防火封堵

Abstract:

To enhance the fire resistance performance of fire stopping materials, this study selected fire-resistant sealant as the research object. Conventional physical and chemical property tests were conducted, and thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) coupled experiments as well as cone calorimeter tests were performed to reveal its pyrolysis and combustion characteristics from the microscale to the laboratory scale. This paper aimed to investigate the pyrolysis behaviors of fireproof sealant in nitrogen and air atmospheres and its combustion characteristics under different radiation heat fluxes. The results show that the micro-scale pyrolysis process in nitrogen could be divided into three stages corresponding to ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and acrylic acid, while the presence of oxygen promotes the merging of the reaction stages of ammonium polyphosphate and melamine during the micro-scale combustion process in air. Before 850 K, ammonia is the main gaseous product in nitrogen, while substantial amounts of ammonia, CO₂ and H₂O are released in air. After 850 K, CO₂ and H₂O are produced in both nitrogen and air atmosphere. With the increase of external heat radiation flux in bench-scale cone experiment, the ignition time is shortened, and the generation rate and peak value of harmful gas emissions increase. The calculated fire evaluation indexes indicate the increased fire risk of the material. The current study can be helpful for deeply revealing the fire prevention mechanism of fireproof sealant and providing a reference for engineering applications.

Key words: fireproof sealant, physical and chemical property, pyrolysis, combustion characteristics, substantial amounts of fireproof sealing

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

张良, 欧伟镭, 张金成, 周熹, 刘薇, 丁彦铭. 防火密封胶理化性能、热解和燃烧特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(9): 120-127.

Zhang Liang, Ou Weilei, Zhang Jincheng, Zhou Xi, Liu Wei, Ding Yanming. Study on physical and chemical properties, pyrolysis behaviors and combustion characteristics of fireproof sealant[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(9): 120-127.

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外加辐射热通量/ (kW/m²)	FPI	FGI	THRI	TSPI	T_oxPI
20	1.39	0.56	1.91	1.51	1.90
35	0.49	1.17	1.99	1.54	2.03
50	0.16	1.42	2.10	1.61	2.20