防护墙存在条件下环境风对 LPG 球罐泄漏扩散的影响研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.09.0331

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 136-146.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.09.0331

防护墙存在条件下环境风对 LPG 球罐泄漏扩散的影响研究

黄元洁¹(), 林冬¹, 韩林序¹, 张娣娜², 杨国梁³, 翟旭⁴^,^**()

¹ 中国石油西南油气田公司安全环保与技术监督研究院, 四川成都 610041
² 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院, 北京 100083
³ 中国安全生产科学研究院, 北京 100012
⁴ 清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2026-04-12 修回日期:2026-07-10 出版日期:2026-10-20
通信作者:
^** 翟旭(1996—),男,山东东营人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事火灾防控技术、安全风险评估相关研究。E-mail: zhaixu0922@163.com。
作者简介:
黄元洁 (1996—),女,四川成都人,硕士,工程师,主要从事火灾与爆炸研究。E-mail: zdn9509@163.com。
林冬高级工程师；
韩林序工程师；
杨国梁高级工程师
基金资助:
应急管理部重点科技计划项目(2024EMST060602)

Influence of environmental wind on LPG leakage dispersion from spherical tanks with a safety wall

Huang Yuanjie¹(), Lin Dong¹, Han Linxu¹, Zhang Dina², Yang Guoliang³, Zhai Xu⁴^,^**()

¹ Safety, Environment & Technology Supervision Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu Sichuan 610041, China
² School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
³ China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China
⁴ Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2026-04-12 Revised:2026-07-10 Published:2026-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示防护墙存在条件下环境风对液化石油气(LPG)球罐泄漏扩散行为的作用特征,基于FLACS软件建立球罐区三维数值模型,以实际球罐区典型泄漏场景为基础,设置不同风向和风速工况,模拟 LPG 泄漏后气云在防护墙内外的扩散与积聚过程;通过对比不同工况下气云最大扩散距离、典型区域LPG体积分数以及等效可燃气云体积的时变特征,系统分析环境风与防护墙耦合作用下可燃气云危险区域的演化特征。研究结果表明:LPG泄漏扩散过程由泄漏初期的射流动量主导逐步转变为环境风场控制,防护墙与环境风的耦合作用显著改变气云扩散路径、LPG体积分数分布及危险区域范围;逆风条件下,环境风削弱气云的轴向输运能力,并在防护墙阻隔作用下诱发气云回流与积聚,燃爆风险显著高于顺风及侧风工况;逆风条件下,低风速(约2 m/s)时气云积聚最为显著,等效可燃气云体积达到全部模拟工况的最大值;随着风速增大,湍流掺混与稀释效应增强,气云扩散范围及可燃体积整体减小。

关键词: 防护墙, 环境风, 液化石油气(LPG)球罐, 泄漏扩散, FLACS数值模拟

Abstract:

To investigate wind effects on the leakage dispersion of LPG in a spherical tank farm with a safety wall, a three-dimensional model was developed using the FLACS. Based on typical leakage scenarios in an actual spherical tank farm, different wind directions and wind speeds were considered, and the dispersion and accumulation processes of LPG vapor clouds inside and outside the safety wall were simulated. The evolution characteristics of hazardous areas were analyzed based on maximum dispersion distance, LPG volume fraction distribution in typical regions, and temporal variation of the equivalent flammable vapor cloud volume. The results show that the LPG dispersion process is initially dominated by the momentum of the leakage jet and gradually transitions to being controlled by the environmental wind field. The coupling effects of the safety wall and environmental wind significantly influence the dispersion pathway, LPG volume fraction distribution, and hazardous area evolution of the vapor cloud. Under upwind conditions, the axial transport capacity of the vapor cloud is weakened by the environmental wind, and gas cloud recirculation and accumulation are induced near the inner side of the safety wall. Consequently, a higher explosion hazard potential is observed compared with that under downwind and crosswind conditions. Under upwind conditions, the most significant accumulation occurs at a low wind speed of approximately 2 m/s, where the equivalent flammable vapor cloud volume reaches the maximum value among all simulated cases. With increasing wind speed, enhanced turbulent mixing and dilution effects promote vapor cloud dispersion, resulting in an overall reduction in the dispersion range and equivalent flammable vapor cloud volume. The results provide a theoretical basis for identifying unfavorable wind conditions and optimizing safety protection measures in LPG spherical tank areas.

Key words: safety wall, environmental wind, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) spherical storage tank, leakage dispersion, FLACS numerical simulation

中图分类号:

X937

黄元洁, 林冬, 韩林序, 张娣娜, 杨国梁, 翟旭. 防护墙存在条件下环境风对 LPG 球罐泄漏扩散的影响研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(9): 136-146.

Huang Yuanjie, Lin Dong, Han Linxu, Zhang Dina, Yang Guoliang, Zhai Xu. Influence of environmental wind on LPG leakage dispersion from spherical tanks with a safety wall[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(9): 136-146.

图/表 14

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

表2

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

参考文献 24

[1]	李辉. LPG球罐区泄露扩散场CFD模拟及气云爆炸荷载简化计算模型[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2021.
	Li Hui. CFD simulation of dispersion in LPG spherical tank area and simplified calculation model of vapor cloud explosion load[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2021.
[2]	傅杰. 球罐内气体泄漏扩散特性模拟及可燃区域预测[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2014.
	Fu Jie. Numerical simulation and combustible region prediction of gas leakage and diffusion in spherical tank[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2014.
[3]	杜峰. 火灾环境下液化石油气储罐综合安全防护技术研究[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2010, 36(7):26-27.
	Du Feng. Research on comprehensive safety protection technology of LPG tanks under fire environment[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2010, 36(7): 26-27.
[4]	朱翠玲. 液化烃储罐火灾爆炸事故后果及其安全对策措施[J]. 广东化工, 2019, 46(10):87-88, 90.
	Zhu Cuiling. Consequences of fire and explosion accidents in liquefied hydrocarbon storage tanks and their safety countermeasures[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2019, 46(10): 87-88, 90.
[5]	郝建超, 董华, 牟永强, 等. LPG泄漏扩散数值模拟与安全范围分析[J]. 青岛理工大学学报, 2019, 40(1):55-59, 128.
	Hao Jianchao, Dong Hua, Mu Yongqiang, et al. Numerical simulation and security range analysis of LPG leakage diffusion[J]. Journal of Qingdao University of Technology, 2019, 40(1): 55-59, 128.
[6]	孙秉才, 冉冉, 顾晓敏, 等. LPG低温储罐泄漏扩散数值模拟及影响因素分析[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2022, 48(9):26-30.
	Sun Bingcai, Ran Ran, Gu Xiaomin, et al. Numerical simulation of LPG low temperature storage tank leakage diffusion and analysis of influencing factors[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2022, 48(9): 26-30.
[7]	万宇飞, 李立婉, 王文光, 等. 基于Fluent的风向对LPG储罐泄漏扩散规律研究[J]. 石油与天然气化工, 2021, 50(5):98-103.
	Wan Yufei, Li Liwan, Wang Wenguang, et al. Influence of wind direction on LPG tank leakage rule with Fluent software[J]. Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas, 2021, 50(5):98-103.
[8]	Hu Qianran, Qian Xinming, Shen Xingyu, et al. Investigations on vapor cloud explosion hazards and critical safe reserves of LPG tanks[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2022, 80: DOI:10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104904.
[9]	Li Ranran, Xiu Zihao, Li Shuhong, et al. Study on the pressure characteristics and flame dynamics behavior of methane-hydrogen gas mixtures under the influence of multiple factors[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2025, 135: 571-585. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.100
[10]	汪雪繁. 石化厂区LPG蒸气云爆炸风险定量研究[D]. 西安: 西安科技大学, 2022.
	Wang Xuefan. Quantitative study on explosion risk of LPG vapor cloud in petrochemical plant[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2022.
[11]	AQ/T 3046-2013 化工企业定量风险评价导则[S].
	AQ/T 3046-2013 Guidelines for quantitative risk assessment of chemical enterprises[S].
[12]	游波, 罗骁, 施式亮, 等. LNG储罐泄漏扩散模拟分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(2):125-131. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.02.0332
	You Bo, Luo Xiao, Shi Shiliang, et al. Simulation analysis of leakage and diffusion in LNG storage tank[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(2): 125-131. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.02.0332
[13]	张远. 某化工企业液化石油气泄漏爆炸事故情景构建及应急处置研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆科技学院, 2023.
	Zhang Yuan. Study on the scenario construction and emergency disposal of liquefied petroleum gas leakage and explosion accident in a chemical enterprise[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University of Science and Technology, 2023.
[14]	黄浩祎. 化工园区天然气泄漏扩散与爆炸灾害效应数值模拟研究[D]. 太原: 太原科技大学, 2021.
	Huang Haoyi. Numerical simulation of gas leakage diffusion and explosion effect in chemical industry park[D]. Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, 2021.
[15]	彭善碧, 罗雪. 埋地掺氢天然气管道泄漏扩散数值模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(3):63-69. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.1904
	Peng Shanbi, Luo Xue. Numerical simulation of leakage and diffusion in buried hydrogen-blended natural gas pipeline[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(3): 63-69. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.1904
[16]	GexCon A S. FLACS v9.0 user's manual [Z]. 2009-03-12.
[17]	Schleder A M, Pastor E, Planas E, et al. Experimental data and CFD performance for cloud dispersion analysis: the USP-UPC project[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2015, 38: 125-138. doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2015.09.003
[18]	Shirzadi M, Tominaga Y. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of pollutant dispersion around a high-rise building: Impact of surrounding buildings[J]. Building and Environment, 2023, 245: DOI:10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110895.
[19]	Agueda A, Subirana J, Pastor E, et al. Revisiting the dispersion safety factor (DSF) for vapor clouds of liquefied flammable gases (LNG and propane)[J]. Safety Science, 2020, 128: DOI:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104748.
[20]	王秋红, 余承凤, 汪雪繁, 等. 化工园区LPG蒸气云泄漏扩散影响因素数值模拟[J]. 西安科技大学学报, 2024, 44(4):627-638.
	Wang Qiuhong, Yu Chengfeng, Wang Xuefan, et al. Numerical simulation of factors influencing the diffusion of LPG vapor cloud leakage in a chemical park[J]. Journal of Xi 'an University of Science and Technology, 2024, 44(4): 627-638.
[21]	李栋平, 张晋, 王玲莉, 等. 含VOCs废气爆炸极限计算方法及应用[J]. 煤化工, 2025, 53(1):28-31.
	Li Dongping, Zhang Jin, Wang Lingli, et al. Calculation method and application of explosion limit for waste gas containing VOCs[J]. Coal Chemical Industry, 2025, 53(1): 28-31.
[22]	GB/T 50493-2019 石油化工可燃气体和有毒气体检测报警设计标准[S].
	GB/T 50493-2019 Standard for design of detection and alarm for combustible gas and toxic gas in petrochemical industry[S].
[23]	王秋红, 孙艺林, 李鑫, 等. 乙烯储罐气体泄漏诱发蒸气云爆炸的数值模拟[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(12):121-133.
	Wang Qiuhong, Sun Yilin, Li Xin, et al. Numerical simulation on gas dispersions and vapor cloud explosions induced by gas released from an ethylene storage tank[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2020, 40(12): 121-133.
[24]	Hansen O R, Gavelli F, Davis S G, et al. Equivalent cloud methods used for explosion risk and consequence studies[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2013, 26(3): 511-527. doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2012.07.006

泄漏场景	范围	代表值
小孔泄漏	(0, 5]	5
中孔泄漏	(5, 50]	25
大孔泄漏	(50, 100]	100
完全破裂	(100, +∞)	①设备(设施)完全破裂或泄漏孔径>150;②全部存量瞬时释放

防护墙存在条件下环境风对 LPG 球罐泄漏扩散的影响研究

Influence of environmental wind on LPG leakage dispersion from spherical tanks with a safety wall

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 14

参考文献 24

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

模拟组数	风向	风速/ (m/s)	模拟组数	风向	风速/ (m/s)
1	顺风	2	9	垂直风	2
2		4	10		4
3		6	11		6
4		8	12		8
5	逆风	2	13	45°风	2
6		4	14		4
7		6	15		6
8		8	16		8

[1]	穆仕芳, 王中兰, 尚如静, 纪文涛, 王燕. 基于COMSOL的受限空间内氢气泄漏扩散分析与危险区域划分[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(9): 71-77.
[2]	谭路遥, 姚勇征, 潘傲澜, 胡茂炜. 加氢机氢气泄漏扩散数值模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(5): 224-233.
[3]	田苗, 王伟, 晏明海, 路欣欣, 田世祥, 张孝春. 室外立体停车场氢泄漏扩散特性及危险性分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(7): 176-183.
[4]	韩子齐, 徐童, 蔡继涛, 张思琪, 张力. 地下高压大口径输气管道泄漏扩散时序预测模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(12): 154-163.
[5]	徐孝民, 李伟, 黄胜忠. 黄河流域环境风险因素的时空演变及影响因素分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(3): 206-215.
[6]	彭善碧, 罗雪. 埋地掺氢天然气管道泄漏扩散数值模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(3): 63-69.
[7]	王永军, 郑倩, 张河猛, 董伟, 张晓明, 佐佐木久郞. 采空区地下遗煤燃烧-地表碳通量相关性分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(2): 161-167.
[8]	宋洋, 马文举. 环境风下多层航站楼排烟效果及人员疏散研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(1): 206-214.
[9]	张亦翔, 朱建鲁, 彭友梅, 杨洁, 李玉星. 高倍泡沫抑制低温液体泄漏扩散试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(11): 121-125.
[10]	王怀远, 丁彦铭, 陈文露, 陆凯华, 毛少华. 环境风作用下航空煤油池火上风区热辐射研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(10): 142-147.
[11]	谢伟康, 陈国明, 师吉浩, 杨冬冬. 联合站油气设备泄漏燃爆事故及危险区域识别^*[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(12): 85-94.
[12]	周帆, 武金模, 陆彭飞工程师, 林虹霞. 环境风洞红外消冰过程模拟研究^*[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(10): 167-173.
[13]	何乐平, 唐爽, 胡启军, 蔡其杰, 石仁丹. 综合管廊天然气泄漏扩散及监控方法优化研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(9): 43-50.
[14]	王洪德，莫朝霞. 基于高斯模型的液氨储罐泄漏扩散仿真分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2012, 22(9): 31-.
[15]	尚志海，刘希林. 自然灾害生态环境风险及其评价——以汶川地震极重灾区次生泥石流灾害为例[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2010, 20(9): 3-.