Abstract: In order to ensure a smooth railway operation and maintain social stability and national security, it is necessary to research on the prevention of railway safety and terrorist risks.Firstly, the reasons why the railway was vulnerable to terrorist attacks and the common characteristics of the railway terrorist attacks were analyzed and summarized.Secondly, the analysis was made on the types of the terrorism forces which China is facing at the present and the safety risks caused by these forces to China's railways. At last, the problems existing in the counter-terrorism work of the railway safety and corresponding solving measures are expounded.The research results show that, in terms of personnel prevention, it is necessary to improve the training mechanism of railway anti-terrorism teams, and establish a road-ground joint logistics linkage mechanism and an emergency response mechanism. In terms of infrastructure prevention, it is necessary to improve the ″material prevention″ standard system, equipment use and maintenance standards and establish ″material prevention″ supply access standards. In terms of scientific and technological prevention, it is necessary to establish and improve the intelligence system, information safety standard system, video monitoring system and safety inspection system.To strengthen the construction of the anti-terrorism legal system, the establishment of the front three systems needs to be guaranteed by the legal system.

Key words: terrorism, railway safety, anti-terrorism law, legal system, risk prevention