Fire control mechanism of smoke barrier for long and large hydraulic tunnel group in high altitude areas

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.04.1283

Abstract

Abstract:

To face the challenges of evacuation and rescue of fires in large hydraulic tunnel group and the unclear control mechanism of smoke barrier, numerical simulation was employed to analyze smoke spreading law and fire control mechanism of smoke barrier. The smoke spreading path and the visibility distribution were analyzed. The impact of installing smoke barrier walls on smoke spreading speed, visibility and temperature was studied, and the effectiveness of smoke control measures was evaluated. The results show that the smoke initially spreads along a single two-way direction, and is affected by ventilation airflow when reaching branch tunnel with smoke reversal, retrogression and increased intrusion range. Smoke fills the whole ventilation network within 500 s, the stratification interface between the smoke layer and the lower air layer is unstable, and the height of the smoke layer at the intersection decreases more significantly. The smoke barrier can promote smoke propagation along the diversion tunnel, and the effect decreases with the increase of propagation distance. It has cumulative blocking characteristics along the tunnel direction of the construction branch. The influence of the smoke barrier leads to the temperature decreasing as the diffusion length increases. A smoke storage pool is formed in front of the smoke barrier to enhance the degree of backflow of smoke. Behind it is the smoke deceleration and pressurization area, and the smoke layer rises.

Key words: high altitude, tunnel group, smoke barrier, smoke control, ventilation network, numerical simulation

CLC Number:

X928.7火灾与爆炸事故

XIA Yong, AN Ruinan, ZHANG Weifeng, ZHANG Chao, HE Kun, LIN Peng. Fire control mechanism of smoke barrier for long and large hydraulic tunnel group in high altitude areas[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(4): 58-66.

Figures/Tables 12

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Tab.1

Tab.2

Fig.2

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Tab.3

Average value of smoke temperature drop at monitoring points

监测点		温度/℃
监测点		h=7 m	h=8 m	h=9 m	h=10 m
A1	$t 0$	14.96	15.39	17.44	22.71
A1	Δt	0.12	-0.02	0.43	0.48
A2	$t 0$	17.52	18.65	25.09	32.10
A2	Δt	0.00	0.03	3.13	1.82
A3	$t 0$	29.68	41.27	63.41	78.41
A3	Δt	1.80	-0.81	-5.39	-13.65
A5	$t 0$	46.27	52.70	54.43	57.86
A5	Δt	-0.67	-4.26	-4.57	-4.08

Tab.3

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类别	编号	位置坐标/m
监测点	A1	x	y	h
	A2	-180	37.5	7
	A3	-120	37.5	7
	A4	-60	37.5	7
	A5	-120	80	7
	A5	-60	80	7
监测面	L1	y=0, -200≤x≤300, 0≤h≤11.5
监测面	L2	x=0, -65≤y≤90, 0≤h≤10

项目	参数
计算时长/s	500
混凝土壁面热参数	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	比热容/ (kJ·(kg^-1·K^-1)	导热系数/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)
混凝土壁面热参数	2280	1.04	1.8
火源	类型	火源功率/MW	位置
火源	超快速增长	10	3号隧洞轴线
环境参数	气压/Pa		温度/℃
环境参数	71 921		10.7
发烟量/%		19.8^[22]
CO产生量/%		10^[23]
通风速度/(m·s^-1)		2
挡烟垂壁	高度/m	与火源距离/m
挡烟垂壁	1.5	10, 15, 20, 30