Research on smoke exhaust efficiency and evacuation of multi-storey terminal buildings under action of environmental wind

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.1866

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of smoke evacuation patterns under ambient winds on the safe evacuation of people, taking a terminal building as the subject of the study, the multi-floor area was selected as the data acquisition range, 33 control conditions were divided by controlling the smoke exhaust window, and fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software was used to obtain the smoke exhaust effect in the building under different conditions. Further construct wind direction intervals with north winds shifting to east winds via northeast winds to obtain the curve law of wind direction and time to reach hazards, and 0-90° as the high side window opening angle interval to obtain the suitable window opening range, according to the environmental wind to determine and optimize the safe evacuation. The results show that for the smoke exhaust effect in the building, if the high side windows are fully opened, it is conducive to smoke exhaust under no wind and low wind speed. If the wind speed is high, the wind direction perpendicular to the floor alignment is more effective for smoke evacuation. In the wind direction range, the wind direction of 0-70° will promote the smoke exhaust of the high side window, and the wind direction of 30 and 60° is the best, and the wind direction along the floor trend will have smoke backflow. Within the high side window opening angle, a 5-30° down-hung window or full opening window is appropriate. Combined with the time to reach hazards of the wind direction, the evacuation of floor personnel is optimized, and the evacuation time after adjustment is reduced by 10% compared with the unoptimized time.

Key words: terminal building, ambient wind, smoke exhaust efficiency, evacuation, high side windows, time to reach hazards

CLC Number:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

SONG Yang, MA Wenju. Research on smoke exhaust efficiency and evacuation of multi-storey terminal buildings under action of environmental wind[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(1): 206-214.

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高侧窗模式	南北侧高侧窗	东西侧高侧窗	数量/ 个	开窗面积/m²
W₀	关	关	0	0
W₁	开	开	30	60
W₂	开	关	18	36
W₃	关	开	12	24

工况	环境风向	环境风速/ (m·s^-1)	开窗模式
工况	环境风向	环境风速/ (m·s^-1)	W₁	W₂	W₃
A₁—A₃	无风	0	221	205	225
B₁—B₁₅	北风	0.8	249	243	242
		1.5	285	250	259
		2.5	279	253	248
		5.0	251	256	201
		10.0	287	263	269
C₁—C₁₅	东北风	0.8	248	163	193
		1.5	235	135	215
		2.5	279	167	229
		5.0	-	222	248
		10.0	-	385	-

工况	环境风向	环境风速/ (m·s^-1)	开窗模式
工况	环境风向	环境风速/ (m·s^-1)	W₁	W₂	W₃
A₁—A₃	无风	0	351	193	316
B₁—B₁₅	北风	0.8	221	198	230
		1.5	232	208	246
		2.5	246	221	262
		5.0	275	260	290
		10.0	340	323	284
C₁—C₁₅	东北风	上述5种风速	未至危险到达时间 (≥400)

工况	环境风向	环境风速/ (m·s^-1)	开窗模式
工况	环境风向	环境风速/ (m·s^-1)	W₁	W₂	W₃
A₁—A₃	无风	0	2.183	0.210	2.190
B₁—B₁₅	北风	0.8	1.781	0.212	1.782
		1.5	1.826	0.213	1.863
		2.5	1.889	0.210	1.932
		5.0	1.998	0.212	2.024
		10.0	2.124	0.196	2.163
C₁—C₁₅	东北风	0.8	1.707	0.208	1.734
		1.5	1.765	0.205	1.750
		2.5	1.766	0.199	1.751
		5.0	1.757	0.193	1.754
		10.0	1.748	0.204	1.733

监测位置	通过人数	通过出口时间/s	出口最大人员流量/(人·s^-1)	通向区域
E楼梯间	100	190.33	1.88	一层大厅
F楼梯间	126	161.43	1.46	一层大厅
I楼梯间	53	114.60	0.88	第二楼层
J楼梯间	133	166.42	1.37	第二楼层