Study on reflective strip configuration and driving simulation in highway tunnels based on vehicle distance maintenance

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.01.0176

Abstract

Abstract:

To reduce the risk of rear-end collisions in highway tunnels, a tunnel reflective strip space model was proposed based on the tunnel reflective strip characteristics with depth perception information. The effects of spacing between tunnel reflective strips on vehicle distance maintenance were examined through driving simulation tests. Braking headway, minimum headway, following headway, and minimum collision time were selected as evaluation indicators. The results indicated that when the leading vehicle traveled at speeds between 40-80 km/h and the following vehicle approached at a speed 20 km/h higher than the leading vehicle, if the following driver received 3-4 visual stimulations from the reflective strips before the distance between the leading and following vehicles was less than the minimum safe distance, the braking headway, minimum headway, and the time headway under stable car-following conditions was improved by 27.6%-56.6%, 54.2%-60.3%, and 20.1%-31.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the minimum collision time was increased by 34.7%-60.5% once the leading vehicle braked urgently, reducing the probability of a rear-end collision. Therefore, tunnel reflective strips enhance drivers' perception of speed and distance perception ability, reducing the risk of rear-end collisions.

Key words: vehicle distance maintenance, highway tunnels, reflective strips, driving simulation, time headway

CLC Number:

X951交通运输安全

MEI Jialin, DU Zhigang, HE Shiming, WANG Shoushuo. Study on reflective strip configuration and driving simulation in highway tunnels based on vehicle distance maintenance[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(1): 171-177.

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设计速度/(km·h^-1)	40	60	80	100
安全跟车距离/m	31	52	78	108
简单识别视距/m	110	170	230	290

试验方案	刺激次数	场景1	场景2	场景3
a	0	—	—	—
b	1	94	228	437
c	2	47	114	218
d	3	31	76	146
e	4	24	57	109
f	5	19	46	87

阶段	描述	指标	指标描述
减速阶段	随着距离的缩短,后车驾驶人发现前车并开始减速,逐渐接近前车速度	初始速度/ (km·h^-1)	后车开始减速时刻(突然松下油门或采取刹车时)前3 s内的速度,越小说明速度控制越好
		制动车头时距/s	后车开始减速时刻与前车的车头时距,越短表明采取减速措施越迟
		最小车头时距/s	后车接近前车的过程中,与前车的车头时距的最小值,越小表明风险程度越高
跟驰阶段	后车速度与前车速度基本一致	跟驰车头时距/s	后车速度与前车接近一致且近似稳定时,2车车头距离与后车速度的比值,越小说明越危险。
避碰阶段	前车实施紧急制动并停止时,后车驾驶人会立即响应,执行制动操作以防止发生追尾事故	最小碰撞时间/s	后车避撞过程中2车碰撞时间的最小值。碰撞时间是指后车与前车继续运动直到发生碰撞所需要的时间,越小说明碰撞风险越大