Discussion on main controlling factors of air leakage in shallow coal seam goaf

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.08.1049

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the air leakage characteristics in the goaf of shallow coal seams, five factors were selected, including the average length and width of overlying rock fractures, the porosity and thickness of overlying rock fractures, and the pressure difference above and below the well, to establish an index system for the impact of air leakage in the goaf of shallow coal seams. The dominance-based rough set and response surface method were combined to construct an analysis model for the air leakage characteristics and their factor effects in the goaf. Taking a coal mine as an example, empirical analysis was conducted to generate preference class rules for air leakage in the goaf and extract preference class features. Using the 3-factor 3-level response surface method, regression function fitting was performed on the air leakage volume in the goaf of shallow buried coal seams. The results indicate that the porosity of overlying rock layers, thickness of overlying rock layers, and pressure difference above and below the well are the core influencing factors of air leakage in goaf, with a single factor F-value of 96.06-226.82. The F values for the interaction factors of "interaction between overlying rock porosity and overlying rock thickness" and "interaction between overlying rock porosity and wellbore pressure difference" are 62.34 and 24.66, respectively. Compared with a single factor, in the interaction of multiple factors, the interaction between the porosity and thickness of overlying rock layers has a significant impact on air leakage in goaf. Therefore, when conducting analysis and prevention of air leakage in shallow coal seam goaf, it is important to pay attention to the role of individual factor indicators, as well as the interaction of factors that have a significant impact on air leakage.

Key words: shallow buried coal seam, goaf, air leakage characteristics, factor effect, rough set, response surface method

CLC Number:

X936

LIU Bing, ZHENG Xiawen, LUO Zhenyan, TANG Chao, ZHANG Limin. Discussion on main controlling factors of air leakage in shallow coal seam goaf[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(8): 139-147.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Fig.3

Fig.4

References 20

[1]	李敏, 罗欧文, 鲁义, 等. 再生顶板条件下煤自燃危险区域空间分布特征[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(3): 129-136. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.0890
	LI Min, LUO Ouwen, LU Yi, et al. Research on spatial distribution pattern of coal spontaneous combustion hazardous zone under condition of regenerated roof[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(3): 129-136. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.0890
[2]	王德明. 煤矿热动力灾害及特性[J]. 煤炭学报, 2018, 43(1):137-142.
	WANG Deming. Thermodynamic disaster in coal mine and its characteristics[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2018, 43(1): 137-142.
[3]	张风林. 大采高综放工作面漏风规律研究[J]. 煤炭技术, 2020, 39(8):148-151.
	ZHANG Fenglin. Study on law of air leakage in fully mechanized coal face with large mining height[J]. Coal Technology, 2020, 39(8): 148-151.
[4]	李世雄, 卢斌, 褚廷湘. 浅埋藏工作面漏风特征及堵漏效果检验[J]. 煤炭工程, 2017, 49(10): 91-93. doi: 10.11799/ce201710023
	LI Shixiong, LU Bin, CHU Tingxiang. Air leakage characteristics and the stoppage practice in shallow buried working face[J]. Coal Engineering, 2017, 49(10): 91-93.
[5]	李鹏, 戴广龙, 叶庆树, 等. 压入式通风条件下浅埋煤层工作面采空区漏风规律研究[J]. 煤矿安全, 2019, 50(9): 174-178.
	LI Peng, DAI Guanglong, YE Qingshu, et al. Study on air leakage law in gob of shallow buried coal seam under forced ventilation[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2019, 50(9): 174-178.
[6]	宋博, 王大鹏, 李雨成, 等. 基于不同漏风源浅埋煤层采空区自燃“三带”分布规律研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2022, 18(6):38-44.
	SONG Bo, WANG Dapeng, LI Yucheng, et al. Study on distribution law of spontaneous combustion "three zones" in goaf of shallow-buried coal seam based on different air leakage sources[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2022, 18(6): 38-44.
[7]	杨胜强, 徐全, 黄金, 等. 采空区自燃“三带”微循环理论及漏风流场数值模拟. 中国矿业大学学报, 2009, 38 (6):769-773.
	YANG Shengqiang, XU Quan, HUANG Jin, et al. The "three zones" microcirculation theory of goaf spontaneous combustion and a numerical simulation of the air leakage flow field[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2009, 38(6): 769-773.
[8]	张杰, 张建辰, 刘清洲, 等. 浅埋综采工作面覆岩裂隙发育及漏风规律研究[J]. 煤炭工程, 2021, 53(3):118-123. doi: 10.11799/ce202103024
	ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Jianchen, LIU Qingzhou, et al. Crack development and air leakage law of overburden rock in shallow fully mechanized face[J]. Coal Engineering, 2021, 53(3): 118-123. doi: 10.11799/ce202103024
[9]	翁世洲, 朱俊, 王超, 等. 区间粗糙数序信息系统下的优势关系粗糙集模型[J]. 模糊系统与数学, 2021, 35(3):133-144.
	WENG Shizhou, ZHU Jun, WANG Chao, et al. Rough set model of dominance relation under interval rough number order information system[J]. Fuzzy Systems and Mathematics, 2021, 35(3): 133-144.
[10]	赵敏捷, 方建军, 张铁民, 等. 响应曲面法优化某氧化铜矿硫化浮选[J]. 过程工程学报, 2017, 17(3):532-538. doi: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.216269
	ZHAO Minjie, FANG Jianjun, ZHANG Tiemin, et al. Optimization of copper oxide by sulphidizing flotation based on response surface methodology[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2017, 17(3): 532-538. doi: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.216269
[11]	朱兴攀, 王洋, 任晓伟, 等. 不同季节条件下浅埋煤层采空区地表垂直漏风规律研究[J]. 工矿自动化, 2023, 49(10):104-109.
	ZHU Xingpan, WANG Yang, REN Xiaowei, et al. Research on vertical air leakage law of surface in goaf of shallow coal seams under different seasonal conditions[J]. Journal of Mine Automation, 2023, 49(10): 104-109.
[12]	卓辉. 浅埋藏近距离煤层群开采裂隙漏风及煤自然发火规律研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2021.
	ZHUO Hui. Research on the law of fissure air leakage and coal spontaneous combustion in the mining of shallow buried close distance coal seam group[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2021.
[13]	刘雷政. 浅埋藏近距离煤层群开采上覆采空区煤自燃危险区域判定[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2016.
	LIU Leizheng. Dangerous region judgment of spontaneous combustion in overlying goaf of excavation in shallow depth contiguous seams group[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2016.
[14]	张文修, 仇国芳. 基于粗糙集的不确定决策[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社,2005:90-99.
	ZHANG Wenxiu, QIU Guofang. Based on rough sets of uncertain decision[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2005: 90-99.
[15]	莫俊文, 王锐锐, 滕仓国. 高海拔铁路工程施工人员不安全行为评估[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(8): 30-38. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1447
	MO Junwen, WANG Ruirui, TENG Cangguo. Assessment of unsafe behavior of construction personnel in high-altitude railway projects[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(8): 30-38. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1447
[16]	王国胤. Rough集理论与知识获取[M]. 西安: 西安交通大学出版社, 2001:117-138.
	WANG Guoyin. Rough sets theory and knowledge acquisition[M]. Xi'an: Xi'an Jiaotong University Press, 2001: 117-138.
[17]	师中华, 王亚楠, 陈振, 等. 基于响应曲面建模和模糊灰色关联分析的高质高效铣削协同优化研究[J]. 机械设计, 2023, 40 (9):87-93.
	SHI Zhonghua, WANG Ya'nan, CHEN Zhen, et al. Research on collaborative optimization of milling for high quality and high efficiency based on response surface modeling and fuzzy gray relational analysis[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2023, 40 (9):87-93.
[18]	张立国. 浅埋深近距离易自燃煤层群复合采空区漏风规律研究[J]. 煤矿安全, 2018, 49(增1):5-13.
	ZHANG Liguo. Study on air leakage laws in complex goaf of shallow buried depth and close distance spontaneous combustion coal seams[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2018, 49(S1): 5-13.
[19]	杨玉贵, 尚润芃, 黄炳香, 等. 煤铝共采岩层运动与裂隙发育规律的颗粒离散元研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报, 2024, 41(1):58-66.
	YANG Yugui, SHANG Runpeng, HUANG Bingxiang, et al. Study on the law of overburden rock movement and fissure development in coal and aluminum co-mining based on particle discrete element method[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2024, 41(1): 58-66.
[20]	李长明, 赵开功, 张晓蕾, 等. 煤矿智能化项目风险评价云模型及其应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(5): 168-174. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1680
	LI Changming, ZHAO Kaigong, ZHANG Xiaolei, et al. Cloud model for risk evaluation of coal mine intelligent projects and its application[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(5): 168-174. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1680

采空区编号	条件属性					决策属性
采空区编号	裂隙长度/m	裂隙宽度/m	上覆岩层孔隙率/%	上覆岩层厚度 /m	井上下压力差/ kPa	采空区漏风量/ (m³·s^-1)
1	3.4	0.64	30	138	3.85	0.073
2	0.4	0.37	42	141	2.49	0.036
3	6.2	0.07	61	82	4.25	3.29
4	2.9	0.55	22	103	3.29	0.37
5	0.9	0.18	51	89	4.33	1.26
6	4.4	0.51	36	128	2.91	0.079
7	7.2	0.09	43	99	4.42	1.55
8	0.2	0.43	72	117	4.39	2.29
9	4.3	0.08	57	102	2.57	0.74
10	6.9	0.73	39	122	3.81	0.092
11	5.7	0.38	48	131	3.18	0.88
12	1.9	0.05	65	87	3.54	2.74
13	0.7	0.68	43	93	3.20	0.92
14	7.3	0.19	63	109	4.72	3.02
15	3.8	0.47	47	144	3.77	0.16
16	0.7	0.09	78	91	3.12	2.81
17	5.2	0.62	35	127	2.73	0.049
18	0.5	0.32	68	91	3.83	1.92
19	5.8	0.06	28	113	2.86	0.082

采空区编号	条件属性					决策属性
采空区编号	裂隙长度	裂隙宽度	上覆岩层孔隙率	上覆岩层厚度	井上下压力差	采空区漏风量
1	较长	宽	小	厚	中	小
2	短	较宽	中	厚	小	小
3	长	窄	大	较薄	大	大
4	较长	宽	小	较厚	中	中
5	短	较宽	中	较薄	大	大
6	较长	宽	小	厚	小	小
7	长	窄	中	较薄	大	大
8	短	较宽	大	较厚	大	大
9	较长	窄	中	较厚	小	中
10	长	宽	小	厚	中	小
11	长	较宽	中	厚	中	中
12	较长	窄	大	较薄	中	大
13	短	宽	中	较薄	中	中
14	长	较宽	大	较厚	大	大
15	较长	较宽	中	厚	中	中
16	短	窄	大	较薄	中	大
17	长	宽	小	厚	小	小
18	短	较宽	大	较薄	中	大
19	长	窄	小	较厚	小	小

至少类规则	支持数
孔隙率≥中;厚度≥较薄;压力差≥大;风量大	3
孔隙率≥大;厚度≥较厚;压力差≥大;风量大	3
孔隙率≥大;厚度≥较薄;压力差≥中;风量=大	4
孔隙率≥小;厚度≥较厚;压力差≥中;风量≥中	2
孔隙率≥中;厚度≥较厚;压力差≥小;风量≥中	2
孔隙率≥中;厚度≥厚;压力差≥中;风量≥中	3
孔隙率≤小;厚度≤厚;压力差≤中;风量=小	4
孔隙率≤中;厚度≤厚;压力差≤小;风量=小	3
孔隙率≤小;厚度≤较厚;压力差≤小;风量=小	3

至多类规则	支持数
孔隙率≥中;厚度≥较薄;压力差≥大;风量=大	3
孔隙率≥大;厚度≥较厚;压力差≥大;风量=大	3
孔隙率≥大;厚度≥较薄;压力差≥中;风量=大	4
孔隙率≤中;厚度≤较薄;压力差≤中;风量≤中	5
孔隙率≤小;厚度≤厚;压力差≤中;风量=小	4
孔隙率≤中;厚度≤厚;压力差≤小;风量=小	3
孔隙率≤小;厚度≤较厚;压力差≤小;风量=小	3

水平	因子理论取值			因子模糊拟合取值
水平	A/%	B/m	C/kPa	A/%	B/m	C/kPa
-1	30	90	2.5	28.5~31.5	85.5~94.5	2.375~2.625
0	50	110	3.5	47.5~52.5	104.5~115.5	3.325~3.675
1	70	130	4.5	66.5~73.5	123.5~136.5	4.275~4.725