China Safety Science Journal

Research on some basic issues of urban safety culture

YAO Tianyu, AN Chao, LIU Jizhao

2019, 29(4): 1-7. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.001

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In order to boost the construction of urban safety as a soft power and provide a solid theoretical basis for urban safety culture, the concept of urban safety culture was defined based on referring to the definitions of urban culture and safety culture. Then the connotation of urban safety culture was analyzed from its main body, purpose and content. Finally, the construction thinking of urban safety culture on the basis of the “individual-group-organization-city” 4-layer evolutionary structure was discussed. The results show that the urban safety culture takes the city system composed of city organizations and their menbers as the main body, that the urban safety culture consists of four aspects, namely urban idea safety culture, urban institution safety culture, urban behavior safety culture and urban material safety culture, and that its construction is a dynamic process from individual to city.

Head and facial anthropometric test panel for young Chinese males

ZHENG Xiaohui, LI Wei, ZHANG Chuankun, YANG Bo, YANG Xiaobing, DING Songtao

2019, 29(4): 8-12. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.002

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In order to improve the fitting performance of head and face protection equipments such as respirators and helmets, the applicability of three current test panels(Los Alamos National Laboratory test panel, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health test panel and Chinese Han nationality panel) for young Chinese males was studied based on characteristics of head and face size distribution of 10 325 young Chinese men. And an anthropometric test pale special for young Chinese males was constructed. The results show that the coverage of head and face features of the current three panels for young Chinese males are 87.9%, 98.74% and 95.4% respectively, that the distribution is unbalanced and these three panels are not applicable to young Chinese males, and that the special panel for Chinese young men proposed in the article includes 10 types with a total coverage rate of 97.28 % and the samples are evenly distributed among these types.

Research on relationship between work stress and unsafe behaviors of airport security staff

JIANG Lan, LIU Yaqin, SUN Jia

2019, 29(4): 13-18. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.003

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In order to reduce unsafe behaviors caused by work stress and decrease the probability of airport security incidents, studies were carried out to investigate the relationship between work stress and unsafe behaviors of airport security staff. Firstly, 692 valid questionnaires were collected from an airport in China, and by using factor analysis method seven major factors that affect staff work stress were obtained. Secondly, fifteen hypotheses were put forward to build up the relationship model between work stress and unsafe behaviors with these factors as middle variables. Finally, the model was verified and modified by using SEM. The results show that work stress is positively related with unsafe behaviors; career development, self-efficacy, organizational climate, work characteristics and interpersonal relations are negatively related with work stress while role stress and work-family conflict are positively related with it; what is more, interpersonal relations, career development and self-efficacy are negatively related with unsafe behaviors.

Effects of environmental factors on perception of tripping risks

CHEN Yunxiu, LI Nailiang, LI Kaiwei

2019, 29(4): 19-24. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.004

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In order to study the influence of environmental factors on the perception of tripping risks, this research is performed on the factors including lighting conditions, walkway, obstacle types, obstacle colors and heights. Experiments were made on the following cases: light and dimmed conditions, two kinds of walkways, two types of obstacles, namely plates and rods, two different colors (black and white) and five different heights. The rating of RRT was given by the subjects both before and after walking, and the rating of gait disturbance (RD) and the time of walking were recorded by the experimenter. The results show that the lighting condition, obstacle types, obstacle colors and heights all exert significant effects on both RRT and RD, and the color contrast also affects RRT significantly. The probability of contacting an obstacle under the dimmed condition is 15 times that under the normal lighting condition.

Study on damage of thin-walled long rod of guardrail penetrating chest

ZHI Zhi, GUO Shiyong

2019, 29(4): 25-30. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.005

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This paper aims to reconstruct the damage mechanism and penetration process of the thin-walled long rod penetrating the driver's chest when the rectangular road barrier collides with the car. By combining medical software Mimics with engineering software Hypermesh, an accurate geometric model of human thoracic skeletal tissue and a finite element chest biomechanical model were established, and the simulation and calculation experiments were carried out by using LS-DYNA. The results of simulation experiments were verified by accident cases and medical cases. The damage mechanism of thin-walled long rod penetrating human chest was analyzed by analogy with that of bullet penetration injury effect. The results show that the fracture of ribs and other fractures occurred in the chest before and after the long wall of the barrier penetrate the driver's chest are in good agreement with medical cases and accident cases, that the degree of chest penetration injury is related to the speed, stability and quality factors of thin-walled long rod, and that this experiment can meet the needs of medical thoracic penetrating injury research.

Temporal evolution analysis on causes of traffic accidents occurring on secondary highways in mountain areas

JI Xiaofeng, LI Delin, YANG Wenchen

2019, 29(4): 31-36. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.006

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In order to study the temporal evolution of traffic accidents causes, the entropy-TOPSIS is adopted to quantify the severity of traffic accidents based on the accident data of Yuan-Shuang secondary highway from 2012 to 2017 and using the severity of accidents as dependent variable and the time, traffic environment and participants of accidents as independent variables. Then the correlation analysis was made to study the degree of correlation between dependent variables and independent variables. Finally, a severity analysis model of traffic accidents on each year was established based on Logistic model and its reliability and validity were verified by taking goodness of fit test and prediction accuracy test. The results show that the severity of accidents is highly correlated with factors like weather, time period, accident type, involvement of unprotected vehicles or not and involvement of oversize vehicles or not, and the accident would be severer when an unprotected or oversize vehicle hits pedestrians.

Simulation study on deformation failure of liquid tank truck in rear-end collision

SHEN Xiaoyan, ZHANG Fan, LYU Huitao, YAN Yan, LIU Haoxue

2019, 29(4): 37-42. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.007

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In order to reduce the damage caused by the collision of tank trucks, the finite element models of passenger car and tank truck were established by the Hyper Mesh software. The LS-DYNA was introduced and the crash simulation model of two vehicles was established, and the deformation of tank structure in the process of car collision was calculated. The effects of different impact loads and liquid properties on the stress distribution, displacement, and damage deformation of the tank were analyzed. The validity of the model was verified and the tanker loading gasoline was taken as an example to carry out the calculation and analysis. The results show that the deformation of the tank increases with the increasing initial impact velocity under the same contact displacement, that at the same collision velocity, the deformation displacement is positively correlated with the contact displacement, that when the liquid-filling ratio is 0.9, the critical collision velocity of tank failure is 43 km/h, and that by using the simulation model, the liquid leakage rate and leakage amount after the failure of the tank can be obtained.

Evolutionary game analysis on safety supervision of general aviation based on system dynamics simulation

ZHANG Panke, LUO Fan

2019, 29(4): 43-50. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.008

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In order to explore the rule of strategic choices made by safety regulators, general aviation enterprises and employees in general aviation safety supervision, an evolutionary game model of navigation safety supervision was constructed based on the conceptual model of tripartite interaction and its stability strategy was analyzed. The evolutionary game process under static and dynamic supervision strategy and external variable adjustment was simulated and analyzed by SD method. The results show that there exists a stable equilibrium solution in the supervisory system when implementing the dynamic supervisory strategy that links the safety penalty quota with the probability of violation, that the optimization of the safety supervisory system can be achieved by strengthening the intensity of accident recovery, increasing the intensity of rewards and punishments, and reducing the cost of safety realization, that the intensity of rewards and punishments within enterprises should be moderate to prevent the violation by management and operational staff in collusion, that we should lay equal stress on both accountability and process supervision, and increase the intensity and frequency of process supervision.

Shortest path optimal algorithm for emergency evacuation based on cellular automata

HE Mengnan, FU Yuling, CHEN Cheng, HE Hubin, LIN Yuqing, CHEN Qiuwen

2019, 29(4): 51-57. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.009

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To plan the shortest emergency evacuation route scientifically and efficiently, an optimal algorithm for GSPCA was put forward by establishing a detour distance field against obstacles, and two solving modes of GSPCA_2D and GSPCA_3D were developed. To analyze the characteristics and applicability of GSPCA, this algorithm was compared with the heuristic search algorithm based on Euclidean distance (A^* algorithm) in the shortest path planning experiment. The results show that compared with A^* algorithm, GSPCA optimal algorithm is more comprehensive which can avoid the phenomenon of detours by clinging to the wall, and the shortest path is shortened by 12.39 % (GSPCA_2D) and 16.82 % (GSPCA_3D) on average; more importantly, with the terrain factors taken into consideration, GSPCA could select reasonable solution modes according to the terrain characteristics and practical application requirements.

Experimental research on low-pressure water mist in suppressing ship oil pool fire effectiveness with KCl

SU Shichuan, GUO Chenyu, WANG Liang, CUI Haibin, CAO Jiabin

2019, 29(4): 58-63. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.010

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In order to investigate the effectiveness of low-pressure water mist with KCl in suppressing heptane oil pool fire, based on a 1.5 m×1.5 m×1.0 m enclosed cabin platform, experimental studies were conducted on the flame characteristics of heptane oil pool fire suppressed by low-pressure water mist (0.2-0.6 MPa) with different KCl concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%).The changes of heptane mass loss rates and flame heights with different KCl mass fractions and at different injection pressure were analyzed. The results show that although the low-pressure pure water mist can strengthen the flame combustion of oil pool, yet the low-pressure water mist with KCl additive can effectively restrain the development of oil fire, among which the water mist with 20% concentration of KCl solution has the best extinguishing effect under 0.6 MPa pressure. The increase of KCl mass fraction can reduce the average mass loss rate of heptane and lower the overall flame height; similarly, the growth of nozzle pressure can also reduce the fuel oil's average mass loss rate, shorten the fluctuation time of flames, thus advancing combustion into the attenuation stage.

Study on improvement and application of adhesion of polymer hydrogel extinguishing agents

TANG Huaqing

2019, 29(4): 64-69. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.011

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In order to improve the efficiency of water extinguishing agents, a laboratory test method is designed and a physical model is established to study the application performance of polymer hydrogel extinguishing agents. Firstly, the basic properties of polymer hydrogel extinguishing agents, such as water retention and adhesion, were analyzed. Then, twenty four additives of five categories were added to the hydrogel extinguishing agent before their properties were tested separately in the laboratory and comparison was made with the original extinguishing agent to select the additives which feature the best adhesion and high temperature resistance. Finally, a physical model was built and the performance of the improved hydrogel fire extinguishing agent was verified. The results show that attapulgite has the best effect on improving the adhesion and high temperature resistance of hydrogel fire extinguishing agents; the improved fire extinguishing agent with attapulgite can lower the peak temperature of tank walls, delay the time it takes to reach the peak temperature and proves good in cooling the adjacent tank.

An enhanced VR system for fire drill in underground space based on FDS

SHI Lai, CHEN Chao, LI Xiaojun, MAO Shirong

2019, 29(4): 70-75. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.012

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For the sake of improving the application of VR technology in fire escape training, a VR system with thermal device for underground space fire drill based on FDS was developed by numerical simulation and hardware design. PyroSim was employed to simulate fire process in underground space and the simulation results were used as data source of this system. Through the secondary development based on Unity, fire drill visual simulation with scene interaction was established. Moreover, thermal device was designed to simulate the high temperature environments and present the real fire environment in underground space. Via this system, testees fully experienced the vivid scene including real fire smoke and high temperature and felt the fire condition in terms of vision and heat. Results show that fine flame, smoke and high temperature make test personnel feel irritated and disturb their choice of escaping route, and that all the test persons have completed the escape within 70 seconds and the aim of the fire drill can be achieved.

A study on protection of restraint system on female drivers with different body types

ZHOU Hua, PENG Yijun, LIU Zhuoyi, ZHANG Daowen, YIN Jun

2019, 29(4): 76-82. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.013

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For the sake of improving the protection effect of the restraint system in a frontal collision of cars on different body shape female drivers, an effective model was established by Madymo according to data obtained from a real vehicle crash test by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. A female model of the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles' body size of Chinese adult females was established. Then the orthogonal test method was used for the simulation test to study the match of steering column inclination, height of the chair and seatbelt, angle of the backrest to chair and the time of the airbag's point-burst that have impact on female drivers. The results show that the higher and larger the female body type is, the lower the WIC will be, and that the optimized restraint system model can significantly reduce the WIC value of female drivers with small or medium size.

Evaluation of traffic engineering facilities information volume of prairie highway curve

HAN Lei, ZHU Shoulin, QI Chunhua, GAO Mingxing, LI Hangtian

2019, 29(4): 83-88. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.014

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In order to clarify the drivers' visual characteristics at different levels of traffic engineering facilities information volume of the prairie highway curve, and determine the optimum range of information volume, mathematical statistics and regression analysis were used, five virtual scene driving tests of bends of prairie highway with different levels(Q₀,Q₁,Q₂,Q₃,Q₄) of traffic engineering facilities information volume were established, and the simulation driving test was carried out. The drivers' gaze intensity, scanning intensity and blink intensity at different levels were evaluated quantificationally. The results show that the eye movement intensity is largely determined by the frequency of eye movement, that traffic engineering facility information volume has a marked effect on the intensity of driver's gaze, glance and blink, that intensity of eye movement shows the best performance under the Q₂ condition and it is best for driving safety, and that the intensities of drivers' three eye movements show a strong correlation with the change of traffic engineering facilities information volume, among which the gaze intensity has the biggest degree of correlation, followed by scanning intensity and blink intensity.

Failure probability analysis of shale gas wellhead devices based on FTA-BN model

WANG Wenhe, DONG Chuanfu, LIU Linjing, LI Wei, MI Hongfu, SHEN Kuiling

2019, 29(4): 89-95. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.015

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Failure probability analysis model of shale gas wellhead devices, a combination of FTA and BN, was established in order to study the failure. Firstly, a fault tree was developed based on the root cause analysis of wellhead device failure. Secondly, the failure tree was mapped into a BN. Secondly, BN model was modified in terms of polymorphism and uncertainty. Finally, the failure probability of wellhead devices was predicted and the key failure-caused factors were identified by using the two-way reasoning of BN. The results show that the failure probability of wellhead device is 1.31×10^-2and the key factors that lead to the failure are incorrect operation, aging of seal packing and bolt loosening, and the failure probability can be increased by 3×10^-3after BN model is modified.

Study on stress coordination of composite support body in stope filled alternately with waste rock and tailings

WANG Qihu, ZHANG Guangquan, YE Yicheng, JIANG Wei

2019, 29(4): 96-103. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.016

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In order to solve the inhomogeneous loading of the composite support body in stope filled alternately with waste rock and tailings, the typical stope filled alternately with waste rock and tailings was taken as an example, and the inhomogeneous loading characteristics of the composite support were analyzed by finite element numerical simulation. Then the feasible methods and their applicability to coordinate the stress of the stope filled with waste rock and tailings were discussed, and the stress coordination scheme based on roof-contacted filling with flexible material was put forward. Finally, the effectiveness of the stress coordination scheme was verified by elastic mechanics analysis and numerical simulation. The results show that most of the loads are concentrated on the relatively rigid waste rock filling body, and the bearing capacity of tailings filling body is not fully utilized, which is not conducive to the safety and stability of the composite support body. With the stress coordination scheme based on roof-contacted filling with flexible material, roof-contacted filling with small thickness flexible material can effectively improve the inhomogeneous loading of the composite support body and the supporting efficiency of the filling body.

Method for determining safe thickness of cave roofs under a tunnel

LIU Bo, XIAO Hongfei

2019, 29(4): 104-111. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.017

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To solve the difficult problem of how to determine the safe distance between karst caves and tunnels, the vibration differential equation of fixed-supported beam was established on the basis of the study of the existing methods for determining the safe thickness of roofs under dynamic load, and the double cusp catastrophe model of rock stratum instability between tunnels and karst caves was deduced. Then, its instability mechanism and failure conditions were analyzed, the nonlinear equation of the safe thickness was obtained before Matlab programming-based iteration method was utilized to solve the equation. What's more, analysis was also made on the impact of blasting vibration intensity, frequency, features of surrounding rocks and tunnel span on the safe thickness. It was found that the safe distance between tunnels and karst caves was determined by the internal and external factors of the rock strata; in addition, under the same amplitude of vibration load, the safe thickness has a nonlinear relationship with vibration frequency, while it has a linear relationship with blasting vibration amplitude when at the same vibration frequency; meanwhile, the safe thickness gradually decreases with the increase of elastic modulus, and was approximately proportional to increase along with the increase of the karst cave span.

Reducing surface subsidence based on optimization of super-high water material filling system

WANG Yan, XIONG Zuqiang, ZHANG Yaohui, ZHAO Gaobo, SUN Ruyi

2019, 29(4): 112-119. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.018

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In order to effectively control overburden fractures due to coal mining, and protect the surface environments and building facilities, the optimized application of the current super-high water material filling system was studied. Firstly, the effects of surface subsidence reduction by filling with super-high water materials were analyzed. Then according to the shortcomings of the existing filling system technology, the high-speed eddy current pulping system was designed and developed, and the adaptive matching of slurry flow was realized by establishing flow matching model. The optimized filling system was applied to a working face that was filled with super-high water materials. The effects were tested from the strength of filling samples obtained from different sampling sites and the surface subsidence reduction of filling area. The results show that the pulping time the optimized filling system needs is just one-fourth of that the original system requires, that the strength error of filling body samples in different sampling sites is less than 5%, so the pulping effect is stable, and that the amount of surface subsidence is about 78 mm, within the Ⅰ degree damage, which shows that the optimized system has good effect in decreasing ground subsidence.

Dynamic effects of air supply volume on spontaneous combustion in goafs and fire prevention and extinguishing technology

QI Qingjie, QI Yun, ZHOU Xinhua

2019, 29(4): 120-126. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.019

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In order to effectively prevent and control coal spontaneous combustion in goafs, studies were carried out with 014N1^-1fully mechanized mining face of Ruian Mine as an object to acquire the data of oxygen concentration and air leakage speed under the condition where the actual air supply volume of the working face was 1 150 m³/min. According to the "three zones" division standard of coal spontaneous combustion in goafs and numerical simulation method, the dynamic change of spontaneous combustion zones under different supply volumes of air was studied by using Comsol software, then the scope of spontaneous combustion zone was determined, and the fitting curve of the mining face's air supply volumes and width of the zone was obtained. Finally, the fire prevention and extinguishing technology, which combined air flow separation wall with nitrogen injection, was put forward. The results show that as the air supply volume raises, the boundary of the spontaneous combustion zone expands to the deep section of goafs and its width also increases gradually, and the air supply of working faces should be lower than 1 500 m³/min in view of the current mining conditions and heading speed. It is also found that the technology which features a combination of air flow separation wall and nitrogen injection can shrink the spontaneous combustion zone to a width of 24.6 m, and it proves to have better effect in fire prevention and extinguishment.

Selection of surface materials for high temperature insulation and comparative analysis of heat insulation performance after lamination

LI Xiaolin, YU Weidong

2019, 29(4): 127-132. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.020

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In order to meet the requirements of fire resistant and heat insulation funtions of fire protection clothing and protect firemen's personal safety, 6.5 μm and 7.0 μm aluminum foils were combined with basalt and glass fiber to prepare heat-resistant and heat-insulating materials. The thermal stability of base cloth and composites was tested by thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer. The reflection and transmission performance of single reflection layer and its interlayer were tested by spectrometer, and performance of thermal shock resistance of laminated materials was studied by using fabric adiabatic test devices. The results show that the average reflectivity and transmittance of 6.5 μm aluminum foil in all band (240-2 600 nm) are 90.34% and 0.023% respectively, that the average reflectivity of 7.0 μm aluminum foil and basalt fabric composite is 90.23% and the transmittance is 0.025%, and that in flame thermal shock tests, 6.5 μm aluminum foil and basalt fabric composit has the best performace of thermal shock resistance which can hold for 400 seconds at 600-800 ℃ high temperature, and the average temperature difference between the positive and negative surface of the sample is 511 ℃, which shows that 6.5 μm aluminum foil and basalt fabric composite is a good thermal insulation material.

Knowledge map analysis of coal mine work safety

TAN Zhanglu, PENG Shengnan

2019, 29(4): 133-139. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.021

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In order to analyze the overall status and development of coal mine work safety in China, the relevant literature in the field of coal mine work safety was visualized. This paper selected 2 143 articles related to coal mine work safety downloaded from CNKI from 1992 to 2018 as samples, and combined quantitative and qualitative methods. The age, core authors and institutions, hot keywords and mutation words were visualized by CiteSpace V software and the research hotspots and development trends in this field were explored. The results show that China's coal mine work safety research has experienced three stages: germination stage, rapid development stage, and fluctuation stage, that SUN Jiping and XIAO Xingzhi are core authors, and the research institutions are concentrated in universities and academies, that the hot keywords are work safety, safety supervision, coal mine accidents, data mining and so on, and that combining intelligent technologies such as internet of things, cloud computing, and big data to study coal mine work safety will become one of the future research trends.

Information needs of maritime emergency based on PSR and AT

YANG Xue, KANG Hongxia, ZHANG Yanming

2019, 29(4): 140-145. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.022

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In order to improve the timeliness and accuracy of information acquisition during the maritime emergency response process, PSR and AT were used to analyze the information needs of marine emergencies. Based on the 2016 national maritime search and rescue exercise in the pearl river estuary, a scenario for maritime emergencies was constructed to clarify the objectives of activities and the timing relationship of each activity. Taking the national maritime search and rescue center as the main body, this paper clarified the relationship between the various elements in the “rescue of lives at sea” activities and the structure of activities. On this basis, the information needs were analyzed in depth from the dimensions of content, format, human-machine exchange, and source. The results show that the information needs obtained can be used in the design of emergency management system for marine emergencies, which helps to optimize the content and methods of system information services and improve the convenience of system use.

Risk analysis of high-risk operations in construction by a quantitatively improved JHA method

LIU Hui, ZHENG Xiangwan, ZHANG Zhichao, YAN Wei, SUN Shimei

2019, 29(4): 146-151. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.023

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For the sake of preventing accidents in operation of high risk construction, a quantitatively improved JHA method was introduced into the risk analysis of high-risk operation in construction. Firstly, high-risk operations were identified by the LEC evaluation method and a hazard identification model based on "2-4" model was established. Then, the risk levels of operation steps were evaluated and the key steps were determined by calculating the compound risk on the basis of the weight of each operation step. Finally, the risk levels of high-risk operations were determined by calculating the weighted risks. Taking the scaffolding erection in a building's construction as an example, the quantitative improved JHA was carried out. The results show that key steps are the equipment of operators' protective equipments and work at height (scaffolding erection), that the key steps determined by compound risk degree are the focus of safety management, and that the risk levels of high-risk operations determined by weighted risk degree are consistent with the actual situation.

Risk identification and action mechanism of flying area in civil airport

PAN Dan, LI Yongzhou, LUO Fan, LIU Ao

2019, 29(4): 152-157. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.024

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In order to explore key causes of safety risks in flying area in the civil airport, this paper collected data on safety risks in airfield and identified safety risk factors by open coding, axial coding, selective coding and saturation test based on grounded theory. Then a hypothetical model of risk factors interaction according to relationships among categories was put forward. Finally, the hypothetical model was verified by the SEM. The results show that risk factors consist of four core categories including personnel risks, management risks, environment risks, and mechanical equipment risks and 31 main categories, and that the personnel risks have the most significant impact on safety risks and management capability has the biggest effect on personnel risks. Results also show that the four core categories influence with each other, and that personnel risks have a significant positive impact on management risks, and personnel risks and management risks have a notable positive effect on mechanical equipment risks and environment risks.

Safety risk mechanism of GT-SEM based amphibious seaplane during take-off and landing

XIAO Qin, LUO Fan

2019, 29(4): 158-163. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.025

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This research is conducted for the purposing of exploring the take-off and landing safety risk mechanism of amphibious seaplanes and effectively preventing such risks. Firstly, the risk factors of take-off and landing of amphibious seaplanes were identified by encoding 28 accident statistical reports and interview records of 29 interviewees on the basis of GT, and then a conceptual model of risk factors was constructed. Secondly, data was collected through questionnaires, factor analysis was used to screen risk factors, and the interrelation between risk factors were explored. Finally, SEM was applied to reveal the function route of risk factors to take-off and landing safety. The results show that the conceptual model of risk factors includes 33 specific factors under 4 categories: personnel, equipment and facilities, environment and management. The 4 categories are obviously interrelated with each other and they have significant influence on the function route coefficients of take-off and landing safety risks.

Urban comprehensive disaster risk level combination evaluation model based on support degree

XIA Chenhong, WANG Wei, MA Donghui

2019, 29(4): 164-170. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.026

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In order to identify urban comprehensive disaster risks more systematically and solve the problem of inconsistent evaluation results of different single methods, a combined evaluation method based on the concept of SD was proposed. Firstly, a comprehensive disaster risk evaluation index system was established based on the criteria of disaster risk, economic and social vulnerability and urban fortification, and six single methods were used for basic evaluation to obtain a single evaluation result. Then, the similarity matrix and the difference matrix of the evaluation results of different methods were calculated by vector included angle cosine and Euclidean distance respectively, and an SD combination evaluation model integrating similarity and difference was constructed to evaluate 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in mainland China. The results show that SD model can well overcome the inconsistency of different single evaluation results and embody the new combination idea of "seeking common ground horizontally and seeking differences vertically", which makes the comprehensive urban risk evaluation results more objective and reasonable and provides theoretical and practical basis for in-depth identification of the comprehensive urban disaster risk level.

Analysis of key safety risks in prefabricated building construction based on structural equation model

LI Haoran, LI Qiming, LU Ying

2019, 29(4): 171-176. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.027

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In order to prevent construction accidents, relevant literature and safety technical regulations were reviewed and 25 major risks in prefabricated building construction were identified from five stages of production, approach and transportation, storage, hoisting and installation of prefabricated components. Data were collected through questionnaires and the SEM was used to conduct CFA of these 25 risks and then 18 key risk factors were screened. The correlations among risk factors in five stages were analyzed. The results show that the sequence from high to low of risks in each stage of prefabricated building construction process is: prefabricated components storage stage, hoisting stage, approach and transportation stage, installation stage, and production stage, and that the sequence from high to low of correlations of each stage is: storage-hoisting, production-approach and transportation, storage-installation, storage-approach and transportation, hoisting-installation, production-hoisting, installation-approach and transportation, hoisting-approach and transportation, production-storage, and production- installation.

Vulnerability assessment of tanks in chemical industry park under domino effect

JIANG Dai, HUA Miu, PAN Xuhai, JIANG Juncheng

2019, 29(4): 177-182. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.028

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In order to reduce the probability of domino effect in the chemical tank area, the vulnerability of each storage tank is evaluated to protect the tank that has a maximum accident probability of domino effect and the greatest impact on accidents. First, the definition of vulnerability of storage tanks under domino effect was proposed based on the connotation of vulnerability in different fields and the characteristics of domino effect. Second, by using the objectivity of entropy weight matter element extension model and risk matrix method in combination with the importance of complex network model and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) in evaluating the accident network node, a model for vulnerability grade evaluation of tanks under domino effect was constructed from the possibility of initial accident and the influence of propagation. Finally, the model was used to evaluate the vulnerability level of each tank in a chemical industry park, and the results were compared with that of the Bayesian method. The results show that this model takes the attributes of tanks and the scope of impact into consideration and proves to be more accurate with its vulnerability grading results.

Improvement on compensation and correction amount of obstacles at plateau airports

GE Fei, LI Na, WEI Zhiqiang

2019, 29(4): 183-188. doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.04.029

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In order to solve the problem of stricter restrictions on clearance conditions of the plateau airport, a safety evaluation model is constructed by using the statistical modeling method to improve the obstacle compensation correction. Firstly, based on the rectangular model and CRM, the influence of the height compensation correction amount on the obstacle collision risk probability was studied. Then, the safety area lower limits of plain and plateau airports were calculated according to the model and the correspondence between the average lower limit and the airport elevation was analyzed to obtain the improved obstacle height compensation correction amount. Finally, the correction was applied at Kunming Airport to verify its safety and practicability. The results show that the altitude compensation correction at the plateau airport exerts a significant impact on the probability of collision risk; the height compensation correction per kilometer for Class C aircraft can be improved from 2.88 m to 2 m, and the improved height compensation correction can bring a greater operational advantage.

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