Table of Content

31 December 2025, Volume 35 Issue S2

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Safety social science and safety management Safety engineering technology Public safety Technology and engineering of disaster prevention and mitigation Occupational health

Safety social science and safety management

World-class enterprise safety culture system model

QIN Lining, ZHAO Kaigong

2025, 35(S2):  1-6.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0032

Asbtract ( 45 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (2729KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To achieve the goals of ″excellent products, outstanding brands, leading innovation, and modern governance″ for the construction of world-class enterprises, enhance the core competitiveness of enterprise safety management, and strengthen the construction of enterprise safety culture, a four-level safety culture was proposed. The model included the spiritual level, the institutional level, the behavioral level, and the material level, presenting a pyramid structure. The four levels worked together through the closed loop of ″conceptual leadership, institutional guarantee, behavioral practice, and material support″, forming a complete chain that emphasizes the systematicness of top-level design and the operability of grassroots and verified the effectiveness of the model through case applications. The results show that the four-level safety culture model helps enterprises accurately identify safety culture shortcomings and promotes the transformation of enterprises from passive compliance to active prevention. It achieves a decrease in the accident rate, improvement in employees’ safety awareness, and an enhancement of social benefits.

Safety engineering technology

Research on method for determining diameter of TBM pilot tunnels in ultra-long tunnel combination construction

CUI Ming, DI Xuejun, PEI Hongyu, WANG Zhiyuan

2025, 35(S2):  7-13.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0003

Asbtract ( 19 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (4891KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To study the influencing factors and optimization algorithm of the TBM pilot tunnel diameter, this research was based on the G219 Xitianshan ultra-long tunnel project. The contour boundaries of the muck discharge belt conveyor, concrete and muck transport vehicles, and construction ventilation ducts were discretized into coordinate points on a 2D plane, which were then placed in a circular section of the pilot tunnel. Taking spacing constraints between every two elements as constraint conditions, the simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm was adopted to optimize the corresponding circular diameter of the tunnel section. Two working conditions of the TBM pilot tunnel diameter were analyzed for optimization: a belt conveyor suspended from the tunnel roof and a belt conveyor installed on the tunnel side. The tunnel diameters after primary support were 8.34 m and 8.55 m, respectively. Since primary support for Class Ⅴ surrounding rock was C25 shotcrete with a thickness of 23 cm, the initial TBM excavation diameter was determined to be 8.8 m. After the construction of the secondary lining and partition wall, the air supply and exhaust areas of the pilot tunnel during the operation period were 18.23 m² and 21.64 m², respectively. After verification, the section meets technical indicators for operational ventilation. By taking into account engineering deviations and a reserved margin of 3 cm, the final TBM excavation diameter of Xitianshan Tunnel was determined to be 8.83 m.

Technical system for geological hazard prevention in mountainous areas pipelines and case studies

YANG Dashen, XIA Ji, WEI Rongfang, LIANG Dong, HU Yiming, WANG Renchao

2025, 35(S2):  14-20.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0002

Asbtract ( 15 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (3794KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the severe geological disaster risks facing pipelines in mountainous regions of China and overcome the lack of a systematic approach in existing protection technologies, a scientific and systematic technical system for geological disaster prevention along pipelines was developed. By integrating four core technical modules, risk identification, assessment, monitoring and early warning, and engineering mitigation, a comprehensive protection framework based on multi-platform collaboration was established. By taking the pipeline landslide in the Yaolongshan section of Guizhou as a case study, the risk assessment function of this system was validated through a combination of field investigations and finite element numerical simulations. Research indicates that the integrated protection system represents a trend toward multi-technology and multi-tier integration in disaster prevention and control. The results indicate that all failure criterion indices for the landslide are less than 1, indicating no risk of failure. The developed technical system provides a systematic solution for geological disaster prevention in pipeline engineering. The specific data from the Yaolongshan case offer clear scientific support for monitoring, inspection, and engineering mitigation of pipelines in this section.

Study on rock-breaking behavior of slit charge under air-deck charging structure

QIAN Zhaoming, LIU Hougen, REN Yi, ZHENG Bin, GAO Yongtao, ZHOU Yu

2025, 35(S2):  21-28.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0012

Asbtract ( 13 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (7701KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to optimize the rock-breaking effect of slit charge and control blasting to reduce rock disturbance, a blasting model test was carried out. The test was conducted to blast cylindrical red sandstone under the strip-shaped slit charge frame. The charge sections were set up in three positions: top, middle, and bottom along the axial direction of the air cylinder. After the blasting, CT technology was used, and the damage to the red sandstone after the blasting was quantitatively evaluated based on the fractal dimension theory. The results show that the blasting of the air-deck charge at the top and bottom in the middle of sample B exhibits the optimal controlled blasting effect. Its overall damage degree and porosity are the lowest, and the damage is more concentrated in the direction of the slit of the charge. The fracture morphology is approximately symmetrical, and the expansion is stable. In contrast, the other two both show different degrees of multi-fracture deflection. The analysis of segmented damage shows that the damage degree of the charge section is lower than that of the adjacent sections. The data image is approximately concave, which proves that the blasting energy has an attenuation effect and a local strengthening effect in the axial direction. The synergistic effect of the slit steel pipe and the air deck can effectively guide the blasting energy to be released smoothly along the slit direction, providing the possibility of achieving safe and low-consumption directional rock breaking.

Rheological properties and pipeline transportation of cemented waste rock backfill slurry

LI Lei, WU Di, YANG Guanding

2025, 35(S2):  29-35.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0023

Asbtract ( 21 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (8363KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To optimize the mine filling process and improve safety and control costs, the backfill slurry prepared from mine waste rock, cement, and water was taken as the research object. An ICAR rheometer was used to carry out rheological tests, and the effects of waste rock particle gradation, ash/waste ratio, and slurry mass concentration on rheological properties were analyzed. Then, a numerical simulation was performed based on ANSYS-FLUENT software. The results show that the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the slurry increase significantly with the increase of the waste rock particle size, the decrease of the ash/waste ratio, or the increase of the mass concentration. Among them, for every 1% increase of the concentration, the yield stress increases by about 10%, and the increase of the viscosity shows a slow and then rapid trend. The resistance loss of the pipeline approximately decreases linearly with the increase of the pipe diameter. The slurry flow rate in the vertical pipeline is accelerated continuously due to gravity. There is a significant change in flow rate in the elbow section, and the distribution of flow rate in the horizontal section is characterized by a feature: higher at the bottom and lower at the top. The overall maximum value is located in the center of the lower region.

Engineering application on screening of compactness of concrete-filled steel tubular

YANG Zhihui, TANG Feichao, LI Qingwen

2025, 35(S2):  36-42.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0005

Asbtract ( 10 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (5770KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the challenge of efficiently identifying internal voids and compactness defects in CFST structures, a non-contact vibration detection and compactness screening method based on a laser Doppler vibrometer was proposed. A Gaussian curvature index of the flexibility matrix was constructed to characterize the curvature variation of surface vibration responses, while a Bayesian fusion algorithm was introduced to achieve adaptive integration of multi-source vibration data. On this basis, an on-site applicable framework for compactness identification and evaluation was established. The results show that the finite element model is in good agreement with the experimental results in the first four modal parameters, demonstrating that the model reasonably represents the dynamic characteristics of CFST structures. Field tests further confirm that the proposed approach can extract dominant modal parameters under complex construction noise and identify both shallow and deep defects with high accuracy and robustness.

Research on risk assessment model of creep landslide instability based on RLE and SF

DU Yan, LYU Mengjia, WANG Qikai, XIE Mowen, JIANG Yujing, LIU Jingnan

2025, 35(S2):  43-49.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0009

Asbtract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (2427KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The creep landslides induced by reservoir impoundment are widely distributed. They are large in scale and highly hazardous. To address these problems, a dynamic risk evaluation model for creep landslide instability, applicable to engineering practice, was established by introducing the RLE indicator. Based on extension theory, a comprehensive risk evaluation system was constructed by integrating internal physical and mechanical parameters such as cohesion, internal friction angle, settlement rate, and inclination change rate with external environmental factors including rainfall intensity, relative reservoir water level, and its variation. The weights of the evaluation indices were determined through a combined subjective and objective weighting method, and the RLE quantitative results were used to achieve dynamic identification and real-time early warning of slope instability risk. The Wangjiashan Landslide, upstream of the Baihetan Hydropower Station, was used as a case study, and multi-source field monitoring data were employed to verify the validity and applicability of the proposed model. The results indicate that the RLE value increases from 1.50 (Level Ⅱ) at the initial stage of impoundment to 2.92 (Level Ⅲ) on October 9, which is consistent with the deformation rate and the observed evolution trend of slope risk. The RLE is found to capture instability risk variations even when the SF shows insignificant changes. The RLE and SF dual-index joint model can provide multi-dimensional dynamic risk information support for creep landslides, better enabling scientific risk management of poor geological bodies at engineering sites.

Study on dynamic rainfall infiltration characteristics of soil slopes based on a dual-permeability model

SUN Changkun, WU Haifei, ZHANG Yihai, YANG Jianglin, YUAN Yu, YUAN Yunxing

2025, 35(S2):  50-57.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0018

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (3652KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To enhance landslide prediction and early warning capabilities and to optimize engineering disaster prevention and mitigation design, a non-saturated seepage model incorporating the coupling effect between matrix and fractures was developed based on dual-permeability theory. The model systematically accounted for rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, fracture permeability, spatial distribution and connectivity of fractures, matrix permeability, and the initial water content of the soil, enabling a realistic representation of water competition, migration, and coupling between the matrix and fracture domains. By using the improved rainfall boundary condition and considering the characteristics of unsaturated soil flow, COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software was employed as the computational platform, and the interactions between water in the matrix and fracture domains were comprehensively analyzed to reveal the rainfall infiltration characteristics of homogeneous soil. The results show that the presence of fractures significantly accelerates the initial infiltration rate and, under specific conditions, forms preferential flow paths, inducing local saturation; meanwhile, matrix suction plays a dominant role in water redistribution, and the competition and coupling between the matrix and fracture domains have a decisive effect on the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall infiltration and the evolution of pore pressure.

Influence of EPB construction sequence and soil chamber pressure on railway subgrade settlement

LYU Jirui, CUI Ming, CAI Qingchi, ZHAO Yuanye, LI Qingwen

2025, 35(S2):  58-65.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0007

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (5658KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To research the coupling effect of construction sequence and soil chamber pressure, as well as the subgrade micro-deformation control during the process of shield tunneling under railway subgrades, the earth pressure balance (EPB) shield of Harbin Rail Transit Line 3 passing under multiple railway tracks, including the Harbin-Mudanjiang High-Speed Railway, was taken as the background. Methods such as numerical simulation, theoretical calculation, and on-site measurement were adopted to investigate the influence of different construction sequences of double-line tunnels and soil chamber pressure settings on stratum deformation. The numerical results show that when two EPB shields advancing towards each other meet directly below the railway subgrade, the settlement increases by 0.4 mm compared with meeting on both sides, with an increase rate of 12.86%. When the soil chamber pressure is set to 220, 200, and 180 kPa, the maximum settlements are 3.50, 5.14, and 7.92 mm, respectively. The correlation analysis of on-site tunneling parameters reveals that the ratio of screw conveyor rotating speed to tunneling speed is negatively correlated with soil chamber pressure, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.49. The specific speed value of this stratum should be controlled at 90.98 r/m, and the fluctuation of soil chamber pressure should range from -20 kPa to 25 kPa. When the Rankine earth pressure at rest plus a 20 kPa reserve pressure (to offset pressure fluctuations) is used as the calculated value of soil chamber pressure, the measured values (196-227 kPa) after controlling the specific speed value are in good agreement with the formula-calculated values (180-222 kPa). By using the tunnel monitoring and early warning platform to monitor the settlement rate and cumulative settlement in real time, and adjust in time based on feedback, the final settlement of the railway subgrade is controlled at 3.41 mm, which meets the safety requirement of not exceeding 6 mm.

Force deformation and destructive features of mine slopes under varied conditions

WEN Jinglin, YIN Yongming, YU Zhengxing, WANG Yifan, LU Xin'ai

2025, 35(S2):  66-72.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0022

Asbtract ( 12 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (6057KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To enhance safe mining and disaster prevention and control in mining areas, the No. 1 waste dump in a lithium mine in Jiangxi Province was studied, and the stress-deformation characteristics and instability mechanism of the waste dump were systematically analyzed through field investigations, geotechnical mechanics experiments, and three-dimensional numerical simulation methods. Based on thin-section identification and rock mass quality classification, the differences in the physical and mechanical parameters of fully weathered, strongly weathered, and moderately weathered granite were clarified. The Hoek-Brown criterion, the Feschenko method, the Geji method, and the engineering specification method were comprehensively selected to reduce and calculate the mechanical parameters of the rock mass. Combined with the engineering geological analogy method, the mechanical parameters of fill soil, gravel, and granite with different weathering degrees were determined. The FLAC3D software was used to construct a three-dimensional numerical model to simulate the slope responses under three working conditions: self-weight and groundwater, blasting vibration, and heavy rainfall. The results show that: under the self-weight condition, the safety factor of the slope is 1.46, and the displacement is concentrated at the bottom of the 5-5' section slope, where the maximum settlement reached 9.5 mm. The blasting vibration reduces the safety factor to 1.41, and the displacement increases to 124.7 mm; heavy rainfall with a daily precipitation of 300 mm further reduces the safety factor to 1.398, and the maximum displacement reaches 166.2 mm. The research reveals that blasting and rainfall are the key factors affecting the stability. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring at the slope bottom and optimize the protection measures during construction.

A composite rock mass quality evaluation model based on G1-CV-TOPSIS and its application

XIANG Ping, WU Panzhi, YONG Chaoyuan, QIN Lujun, WANG Ke, YUAN Yunxing

2025, 35(S2):  73-79.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0016

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (2483KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the issues of strong subjectivity in weight allocation and the limitations of single-weighting methods in traditional rock mass evaluation, a composite rock mass quality assessment model was developed. This model integrated the G1 method, the CV method, and the TOPSIS. In this framework, subjective weights were assigned to evaluation indicators using the G1 method based on their importance ranking. Concurrently, objective weights were calculated by the CV method according to the dispersion of the data. The Euclidean distance was then applied to optimize and integrate these subjective and objective weights, resulting in a comprehensive weight index. Based on this integrated index, the TOPSIS method was used to calculate the distance between each sample and the positive/negative ideal solutions. The quantitative ranking and classification of rock mass quality were achieved by assessing the relative proximity. When applied to an open-pit mine in Sichuan Province and compared with four other evaluation methods, the rock mass quality in the surveyed area was primarily classified as Grade Ⅱ by the G1-CV-TOPSIS model, with localized areas identified as Grade Ⅲ and Grade Ⅴ. It is demonstrated through comparison that the proposed G1-CV-TOPSIS model effectively integrates subjective experience with objective data, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and scientific rigor of rock mass quality assessment.

Adaptability analysis of treatment project for medium-sized middle-level rock-mass traction landslide

XIE Zhiyuan, GONG Qiang, GE Cheng, HU Yiming, YUAN Yunxing

2025, 35(S2):  80-86.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0014

Asbtract ( 6 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (2076KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the issue that evaluations for traditional mine landslide treatment projects often emphasize technical and economic indicators while lacking systematic integration of multidimensional factors such as safety, environment, and society, an adaptability analysis of treatment projects was conducted using a medium-sized middle-level rock-mass traction landslide on the northern side of a mining area in Dechang County of Sichuan Province as the case study. Through systematic analysis of the landslide's geological characteristics and causative mechanisms, a comprehensive evaluation indicator system was constructed, encompassing five dimensions: safety reliability, economic rationality, technical feasibility, environmental adaptability, and social adaptability. On this basis, the AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were integrated to quantitatively assess the treatment project from two aspects: indicator weight determination and membership degree calculation. The results indicate that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation score of 3.276 places the project's overall importance between ″relatively important″ and ″important″. The adaptation indicator calculated by AHP is 2.135, which is classified as ″relatively well-adapted″ according to grading standards. This treatment plan demonstrates strong performance in structural safety, investment control, and technical implementation, and exhibits significant advantages in ecological restoration, construction disturbance control, and social benefits.

Stability analysis of multi-working condition slopes in a certain open-pit mine stope based on limit equilibrium methods

CHANG Shengshan, PANG Yibo

2025, 35(S2):  87-94.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0017

Asbtract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (9374KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To improve the slope stability of an open-pit mine stope, the stope was divided into 3 zones by taking into account key factors such as engineering geological conditions. For the profiles of each zone, seepage field analysis was conducted. On the basis of the seepage field, the Bishop method and M-P method (both limit equilibrium methods) were adopted to carry out slope stability analysis under three scenarios, respectively: self-weight + groundwater, self-weight + groundwater + blasting vibration force, and self-weight + groundwater + seismic force. The results show that the seepage field was distributed uniformly overall in the topographic direction, and the seepage paths presented a gentle curved transition. The calculation results of the Bishop method and M-P method had high consistency, with the maximum difference in safety factors not exceeding 0.02. Meanwhile, the order of the influence of seismic and blast vibration forces on the three profiles was B1 > A1 > C1. The calculated safety factors of the two profiles A1 and B1 obtained by the two methods were both higher than the allowable safety factor, so they are classified as stable slopes; for profile C1, the calculated safety factors under the actions of self-weight + groundwater and self-weight + groundwater + blasting vibration force were both higher than the allowable safety factor, so it is a stable slope; under the action of self-weight + groundwater + seismic force, its safety factor is slightly lower than the allowable safety factor but still greater than 1, so it is classified as a basically stable slope.

Simulation analysis of tailings reservoir dam breaches and risk prevention and control measures

LAI Guowang, WEN Jinglin, WENG Songhua, TANG Kai

2025, 35(S2):  95-102.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0024

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (5695KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To enhance the emergency response capability of the tailings reservoir, the current dam breach risks were analyzed based on the latest developments in tailings reservoir dam breach simulation technologies and the existing conditions of the facility. The flood overtopping failure mode of the main dam, which leads to the most severe consequences, was selected for detailed analysis. The Flow-3D numerical simulation method was employed to establish a model of the tailings reservoir and surrounding topography. Parameters representing the most unfavorable conditions were used in the simulation to determine the progression of the tailings slurry flow after the dam breach and assess its impact on downstream open areas. The computational grid and boundary conditions were configured with a global rectangular grid size of 2 m. A nested refinement grid of 1 m was added between the tailings reservoir and downstream areas to achieve higher accuracy. Based on the simulation data and the actual terrain of the tailings reservoir, risk levels for downstream areas affected by potential dam breach were classified, and the associated risks were evaluated. The results indicate that the dam breach risk is generally controllable, as the maximum impact distance of tailings under extreme overtopping conditions (650 m) is less than the location of the nearest downstream structure (950 m), resulting in minimal impact on villages. Furthermore, five targeted risk prevention and control measures are proposed.

Comparative study on shear stress distribution characteristics of tension-dispersed anchors in rock support

SUN Wei, MENG Shuchi, DING Yonghong, SHI Anzhong

2025, 35(S2):  103-109.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0035

Asbtract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (3167KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To reveal the distribution characteristics of interfacial shear stress in the anchor units of tension-dispersed anchors, the Kelvin displacement solution and the three-dimensional explicit finite difference method were employed to investigate the shear stress distribution in tension-dispersed anchor support. A numerical model of a single-borehole tension-dispersed anchor with three anchor units was established to analyze the distribution patterns of shear stress superposition effects under different load conditions. The reliability of the results was verified through elastic and numerical solutions. The results indicate that under tensile load, the interfacial shear stress of the anchor units in a tension-dispersed anchor exhibits a segmented pattern resembling ″high peaks flanking valleys,″ with consistent trends between the elastic and numerical solutions; after the superposition of shear stress concentrations in the anchor units, the axial distribution shows significant heterogeneity, influenced by the arrangement of the anchor units and the rock mass parameters; the magnitude of prestress in the anchor units, the ratio of elastic moduli between the surrounding rock and the anchor, and the length of the anchor units significantly affect the peak shear stress and its location.

Mechanism analysis of overburden rock damage law and disaster caused by sudden water surge of thick coal seams

GUO Weiqiang, LAN Tianwei, LU Kaixiang, LI Zhu, YAO Xinyu, FENG Wei

2025, 35(S2):  110-117.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0033

Asbtract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (7049KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to accurately grasp the possibility of disaster caused by sudden water surge within the 2-coal mining range of the I04 mining area of Hongliu Mine, the stability of the overburden rock and the breakage law of the working face were analyzed based on the key layer theory, and a probing study was conducted on the height of the ″two zones″ of the I040201 comprehensive mining face by using the borehole peeping method, the segmented water injection method, and the numerical simulation method. The results show that the height of the collapse zone of I040201 comprehensive mining face in Hongliu Mine is about 54.40 m, and the height of the fissure zone is about 98.12 m; the collapse ratio of 2-coal in I04 mining area is 10.46, and the fissure ratio of 2-coal in I04 mining area is 18.87; the destruction of overburden caused by the mining of the face has not penetrated the aquifer of Anding Formation. The test results provide theoretical support and scientific basis for the management of the roof plate in the open area of Hongliu Mine, the setting of waterproof coal pillars, as well as the deployment of mining and roadway support.

Optimization of mechanized coordinated cut-and-fill mining method for inclined thin ore bodies

LIU Zun, WEN Jinglin, ZHOU Xinghui, LI Shuai

2025, 35(S2):  118-124.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0021

Asbtract ( 7 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (11885KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To enhance safe and efficient cut-and-fill mining technology for inclined thin ore bodies, optimization research was conducted on the cut-and-fill mining method, with the Suichang Gold Mine in Zhejiang Province as the engineering subject. By establishing an ″inclination-thickness″ classification matrix (type Ⅰ inclined thin ore body: 30° < θ ≤ 55°, h ≤ 4 m; type Ⅱ inclined medium-thick ore body: 30° < θ ≤ 55°, h > 4 m; type Ⅲ steeply inclined thin ore body: θ > 55°, h ≤ 4 m. θ represents the inclination of the ore body, and h denotes the average horizontal thickness) based on geometric parameters, an integrated technical system combining mechanized upward horizontal layered cut-and-fill method with drift filling method was developed. A three-stage progressive methodology, involving geological modeling, numerical simulation, and industrial trials, was adopted to address key technical issues such as quantitative classification criteria, coordinated optimization of mining-filling parameters, and cemented filling processes of unclassified tailings. The results demonstrate that the application of trackless equipment increases stope production capacity to 250-300 t/d. The filling system of unclassified tailings, with a cement-to-tailings ratio ranging from 1∶4 to 1∶8, achieves a roof contact rate exceeding 90% through stepped baffle technology. Furthermore, the comprehensive ore recovery rate is raised to 95%, while the dilution rate is reduced to 8.5%.

Study on construction safety diagnosis of large-scale construction project and its application

QIN Xuan, LIANG Yuxia, WANG Shengrong

2025, 35(S2):  125-130.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0004

Asbtract ( 10 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (1722KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To prevent construction safety accidents in large-scale construction projects, it is essential to develop diagnostic methods for their construction safety. The definition of a large-scale construction project and the safety diagnostic procedure were defined against the background that Xiongan New Area was in the construction peak period. By combining influencing factors such as severe weather, construction intensity, and risk control, based on the theory of risk management, life cycle, and emergency management, the risk management of large-scale construction projects was deeply studied, and the safety diagnosis method based on time variation was constructed. Based on the field investigation and data collection, the construction safety in the large-scale construction project of a certain area in Xiongan New Area was diagnosed by means of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and the risk levels of various hazard categories over time were obtained. The high-incidence periods of major risks such as foundation pit collapse, scaffolding falls from height, and tower crane lifting injuries were identified to provide effective practical guidance for reducing risk loss.

Identification of structural planes of dangerous rock mass on high and steep slopes based on close-range UAV photography

DING Xinglong, YU Zhengxing, ZHANG Yihai, SHI Zhilei

2025, 35(S2):  131-138.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0015

Asbtract ( 10 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (9454KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the challenges of geological surveys and the limited stability assessment of unstable rock masses in high and steep rock slopes, UAVs were used for their flexibility, mobility, safety, and efficiency in rapidly and accurately acquiring structural characteristic information of unstable rock masses, thereby supporting slope stability evaluation. By taking the Xinjing Coal Mine landslide as a case study, close-range photography via UAVs was employed to obtain high-resolution and high-precision images of the landslide boundary. The structure from motion (SFM) algorithm was applied to generate detailed and texture-rich 3D point clouds and solid models. After accurately estimating point cloud normals, the HSV color space was used to colorize the point clouds, revealing the distribution characteristics of structural planes. The random sample consensus (RANSAC) point cloud multi-plane segmentation algorithm was applied to identify the structural planes of the main broken wall's rock mass, and stereographic projection was utilized to analyze the stability of the main broken wall's rock mass. The results indicate that RANSAC can effectively identify structural planes from point cloud data containing noise and outliers, and the structural planes in the main broken wall's rock mass are grouped into three sets. The probabilities of planar sliding, wedge sliding, and toppling failure are 14.89%, 37.76%, and 11.83%, respectively.

Research on in-situ dewatering and drainage design and engineering application of sludges in open-pit mines

ZHENG Bin, WANG Haochen, REN Yi, GAO Yongtao, ZHOU Yu

2025, 35(S2):  139-146.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0013

Asbtract ( 5 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (5864KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to effectively address the complex physical and mechanical challenges of sludge treatment in the Msesa open-pit mine, the hydrogeological conditions and physico-mechanical properties of the sludge body were investigated. Based on numerical simulations combined with engineering practice, a technical system for in-situ sludge dewatering, drainage, and mining suitable for the redevelopment of abandoned pits was proposed. The results show that when four dewatering wells are evenly arranged at the deepest part of the sludge body, the total static drainage time is approximately 45 days, and the sludge storage drainage time is about 29 days, achieving advanced pre-drainage of the sludge body. The proposed dewatering and mining-based dredging scheme demonstrates significant advantages in terms of technical feasibility, economic efficiency, and operational safety, providing a practical and transferable reference for open-pit mine dredging and resource utilization.

Displacement prediction of open-pit mine slope based on optimized wavelet-LSTM method

YU Zihao, ZHANG Yihai, TAN Mengxi, LI Jiang

2025, 35(S2):  147-153.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0020

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (2116KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The noise interference in the displacement monitoring data of the open-pit mine slope seriously affects the accuracy of landslide prediction. To address this issue, a hybrid prediction model integrating data smoothing and deep learning was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the WT was used to denoise the original time series to extract the real deformation trend component. Then, based on the smoothed high-quality data, the key parameters of the LSTM network were optimized, and an optimized LSTM prediction model was constructed to learn the complex long-term dependence of slope displacement. The results show that compared with the single LSTM benchmark model that directly uses the original data, the prediction accuracy of the optimized combination model is effectively improved. The root mean square error (RMSE) is reduced by 86.3%, and the coefficient of determination (R²) is increased from 0.51 to 0.76, which proves that it can effectively improve the accuracy and timeliness of the prediction and has high engineering practice value.

Effect of dry-wet cycles on mechanical and creep characteristics of sandstone under triaxial stress conditions

GAN Yixiong, LIU Yingjie, SUN Zuo, CHENG Ye, YAN Bingqian, ZHANG Jingwen

2025, 35(S2):  154-160.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0011

Asbtract ( 7 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (6161KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to study the influence of dry-wet cycles on the mechanical and creep characteristics of sandstone under triaxial stress conditions, conventional triaxial compression tests and creep tests were carried out based on sandstone subjected to 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 dry-wet cycles. The results show that the compressive strength σ_c, elastic modulus E, and Poisson's ratio μ of sandstone are negatively correlated with the number of dry-wet cycles and positively correlated with the applied triaxial confining pressure. The brittleness index for quantitatively characterizing the brittleness of sandstone is negatively correlated with the number of dry-wet cycles. The creep failure form of sandstone is mainly shear failure. With the increase of dry-wet cycles, the final creep strain increases, and the average increase rate of creep between eight and 16 dry-wet cycles is the highest. Dry-wet cycles reshape the internal structure of sandstone. With the increase of cycles, the deformation and deterioration of sandstone under load are intensified. After eight dry-wet cycles, the stability of the sandstone structure is destroyed, and the short-term and long-term mechanical characteristics deteriorate greatly. The subsequent water-rock interactions gradually are weakened, and the deterioration trends gradually slow down.

A stability evaluation method for thrust-type landslides considering slope settlement and deformation

ZHANG Anqi, XIE Mowen, JIANG Yujing, ZHANG Xuepeng, LIU Jingnan, DU Yan

2025, 35(S2):  161-167.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0008

Asbtract ( 7 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (3370KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To address the significant risk that thrust-type landslides are prone to triggering large-scale failures and severe disasters under factors such as slope settlement, earthquakes, and heavy rainfall, it is of great importance to conduct research on stability evaluation and early warning and prevention methods applicable to thrust-type landslides. The slope settlement information was comprehensively analyzed, and a mechanical analysis model for thrust-type landslides was established. A stability evaluation method for thrust-type landslides considering slope settlement and deformation was proposed, and an engineering application at the Nalouzhai Landslide in Yunnan Province was conducted. The results show that the maximum error of the traditional factor of safety evaluation results is 8.81%, and the maximum error of the slope's remaining thrust is 24.87%. The improved stability evaluation method effectively reduces the errors introduced by traditional calculation methods that do not consider slope settlement and better reflects the actual conditions of the landslide.

Stability analysis of a certain open-pit mine's waste dump and simulation of evolution process of induced debris flow

XU Hongjian, JIANG Xutong, YU Zhengxing, ZHANG Yihai, CHEN Caixian

2025, 35(S2):  168-174.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0019

Asbtract ( 7 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (10510KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To enhance the stability assessment of the open-pit mine's waste dump slope, a case study was conducted on a waste dump slope in a mining area located in Xizang. Based on a comprehensive analysis of site conditions and engineering geological characteristics, the limit equilibrium method was employed to evaluate slope stability under various loading conditions, including self-weight, rainfall infiltration, and seismic effects. Numerical simulations of debris flow hazards triggered by slope failure were subsequently performed using RAMMS software. Through these simulations, the dynamic evolution process of the induced debris flow was reconstructed, and hazard zoning based on flow intensity was accomplished. The results demonstrate that the waste dump slope remains unstable under the combined loading conditions of self-weight, groundwater seepage, and earthquake, presenting a substantial risk of instability and sliding failure. The RAMMS simulation data further indicate that the debris flow development process consists of three distinct phases: initiation stage, channelized flow stage, and deposition stage. Maximum sediment accumulation depth is recorded at 25.63 m, accompanied by peak flow velocity measurements of 8.73 m/s. The high-hazard zone is quantified to encompass 50.18% of the total affected area, with predominant distribution observed along moderately steep gradients adjacent to the central channel axis.

Representative element volume and shear anisotropy in jointed rock masses

QIN Zelong, ZHANG Chao, CUI Yinxiang, GUO Yongcheng, LI Qiyang, HU Jin

2025, 35(S2):  175-181.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0010

Asbtract ( 6 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (6251KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To accurately capture the parameter variability induced by the spatial heterogeneity of jointed rock masses, a typical itabirite rock mass in a West African mine was investigated. By combining joint orientation data, spatial cluster analysis was conducted for identifying dominant joint sets, and laboratory tests for parameter calibration were performed to build a 3DEC-based discrete equivalent model. Through a combined analysis of uniaxial compression simulations and the coefficient of variation of mechanical parameters, the REV of the rock mass was determined. Based on this, direct shear numerical experiments were conducted under different shear directions. The results indicate that the spatial configuration of joints significantly influences the rock mass's shear strength. As the normal stress increases from 3 MPa to 5 MPa and then 10 MPa, the shear stress in the X-direction increases by 56% and 90%, while the shear stress in the Y-direction increases by 48% and 102%. Under normal stresses of 3, 5, and 10 MPa, the shear stress in the Y-direction is 32%, 14%, and 20% higher than that in the X-direction, respectively. During the shearing process, the displacement field exhibits multi-directional and non-uniform evolutionary characteristics, with the shear stress direction serving as the dominant orientation of deformation.

Public safety

Application of presplitting blasting in high chamber excavation of an underground mine

LEI Tao

2025, 35(S2):  182-188.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0036

Asbtract ( 16 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (10754KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In response to increased ore dilution rate caused by blasting disturbance to adjacent fill bodies during the two-step room mining process in a certain underground copper mine that adopts the open stoping with subsequent filling method in the large-diameter deep-hole stage, experimental research on presplitting blasting technology in the excavation of large chambers was conducted. The presplitting blasting parameters were determined as follows: hole diameter of 100 mm, linear charge density of 1 kg/m, and enhanced charge density at the hole bottom and middle section up to 2 kg/m. The results indicate that presplitting blasting effectively reduces the damage to the fill bodies and rock mass, decreases the waste rock mixing rate, and improves ore recovery efficiency. On the basis of the existing blasthole layout, only one additional peripheral blasthole is needed to achieve the presplitting effect, providing a feasible approach to reduce the waste rock mixing rate and improve ore extraction efficiency in the two-step mining.

Research on construction and application of an intelligent risk management model for urban building collapse

LI Xiteng, MA Haitao, YU Zhengxing, ZHOU Yanfeng, LI Xikun

2025, 35(S2):  189-195.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0025

Asbtract ( 5 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (1542KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To enhance the intrinsic safety level of urban buildings, a smart control and management model for urban building collapse risks was proposed, which consists of ″wide-scale census + refined monitoring + professional team verification″. Firstly, InSAR technology was employed for a wide-scale census of urban buildings. Secondly, intelligent sensing devices were utilized for refined monitoring. Then, on-site professional verification was conducted. Finally, empirical research was carried out by taking Shenzhen City and a single building as examples. Based on the intelligent management and control governance model that involves extensive scanning, meticulous monitoring, and specialized verification, it is possible to effectively identify urban buildings that may pose risks. Further, displacement monitoring equipment could be installed. According to the warning thresholds such as inclination, cracks, subsidence, strain, and displacement, regular monitoring could be conducted on the risk buildings that require local attention and priority focus. Then, targeted verification, assessment, and the adoption of necessary control measures could be carried out, effectively ensuring the safety of urban buildings.

Technology and engineering of disaster prevention and mitigation

Stability of open-pit mining slope: a case study of Barun mine

DU Wenxiu, YAN Lu

2025, 35(S2):  196-202.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0031

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (9045KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To systematically assess the slope stability of the open-pit mining stope, the Barun open-pit mine in Inner Mongolia was taken as the example. The limit equilibrium method and two-dimensional numerical simulation method were used to conduct stability analysis on the current overall slope and the final slope at the design end, respectively, and carry out the sensitivity study of geotechnical parameters. The results show that the potential failure mode of the slope presents a composite characteristic. The stability coefficients of the current slope under both self-weight and self-weight plus blasting conditions meet the requirements of the specifications. At the end of the design, the slope is in a stable state under the conditions of water content/drainage. The two-dimensional numerical simulation results (stability coefficient 1.32) further verify the slope stability. The stability coefficient is sensitive to the change in the friction angle, while the influence of the change in cohesion is relatively weak. Both the current slope and the designed final slope demonstrate good stability under both operating conditions. According to the optimization requirements of the stripping ratio, the slope angle can be moderately increased when the top position of the slope is maintained, but the rise in water level will lead to a decrease in the stability coefficient.

Study on deformation and failure characteristics of anti-dip rock strata on high and steep slopes based on slope radar monitoring

QIU Xiaoqiang, CHEN Changshan, LU Meng, SHI Shuaiyang, YAN Chengwei, GUO Yaowen

2025, 35(S2):  203-209.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0029

Asbtract ( 6 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (16275KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To investigate the deformation and failure characteristics of high and steep open-pit mine slopes under the combined effects of fault fracture zones, weak rock strata, and slope seepage, the landslide on the 1 892-1 955 m high and steep south slope of a metal open-pit mine in Tajikistan was taken as an example. The analysis was based on deformation data of the landslide area obtained from long-term monitoring of the target area using synthetic aperture radar on the slope, revealing the slope deformation and failure characteristics, as well as the landslide failure mode. The results indicate that under the influence of multiple factors such as fault fracture zones, weak rock strata, and slope seepage, the slope exhibits gradual deformation and failure behavior. Triggered by slope seepage and construction operations, the lower region of the south slope deforms and fails first, progressively pulling and causing deformation and toppling failure of the upper slope and resulting in a pull-topple landslide. The toppling failure process of dip slopes can be divided into four stages: deformation bending of the in-situ rock strata, progressive bending failure near the top of the slope, instantaneous collapse when exceeding the yield limit, and re-stabilization to equilibrium. The findings provide data support and references for stability analysis and landslide prediction of similar high and steep open-pit mine slopes.

Mechanical properties of rock mass and slope stability under freeze-thaw cycles

LU Sen, XU Shuai, WANG Shunqiang, CUN Senbuer, WANG Jianlong

2025, 35(S2):  210-215.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0027

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (5308KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to study the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on slope stability, the conventional physical and mechanical parameter test of rock mass was conducted by taking the slope of a Chinese mine stope as an example, with a focus on the evolution of physical and mechanical properties of three types of lithology and gravel soil under the freeze-thaw cycles. In consideration of the combined actions of self-weight, seismic force, and freeze-thaw cycles, the mechanism by which freeze-thaw cycles affect the slope stability was explored by comparing the stability of seven typical profiles. The results show that the freeze-thaw cycle significantly increases the water content of rock and accelerates the damage and deterioration of rock. The mechanism of deterioration can be described as follows: the presence of pre-existing defects causes the formation of ice crystals and the migration of frost swelling pressure to the defect zones, which then acts on the crack propagation and penetration of the defect surfaces. Quantitative analysis indicates that the overall stability of the slope is significantly reduced, and the stability of seven profiles decreases by 18%-27% after 30 freeze-thaw cycles.

Accuracy improvement and validation of GB-SAR-based slope safety monitoring at a hydropower station

HOU Shanshan, YANG Xiaolin, BAI Xingping, WANG Kang, GAO Huanhuan, ZHANG Qun

2025, 35(S2):  216-222.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0028

Asbtract ( 14 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (4047KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To enhance the deformation monitoring accuracy of GB-SAR in the complex slope environments of hydropower stations characterized by high steepness and humidity, a typical slope in the reservoir area of a hydropower station in Qinghai Province was selected as the test site. A rigidly fixed combined target integrating radar corner reflectors and total station prisms was designed and deployed, while both GB-SAR and a total station were set up on the stable opposite bank. The displacement of the combined target, serving as the true value, was quantitatively and precisely controlled to systematically conduct a GB-SAR accuracy validation experiment. Based on the evaluation results from high-precision benchmark data, the filtering algorithm within the GB-SAR phase signal processing chain was optimized, and an adaptive spatiotemporal filtering method incorporating terrain gradient weighting and a phase stability index was proposed. The results indicate that after algorithmic optimization, the deformation monitoring accuracy of GB-SAR for point targets in complex hydropower station slope environments is consistently improved to the submillimeter level (0.1 mm). The proposed quantitative displacement verification method and effective algorithmic optimization strategy significantly enhance the monitoring accuracy of GB-SAR in harsh environments and provide precise and reliable technical support for early warning of slope safety at hydropower stations.

Study on dynamic response of moisture content and stability evolution under rainfall infiltration using SEEP/W-SLOPE/W coupling

HUI Yubo, YU Zhengxing, WANG Nuo, LI Xiteng

2025, 35(S2):  223-230.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0026

Asbtract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (8680KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To investigate the dynamic response characteristics of volumetric water content and the stability of dump slopes under heavy rainfall conditions, a typical rainfall-induced landslide in a dump was studied. Based on unsaturated seepage theory and the finite element numerical simulation method, the influence of rainfall infiltration on slope stability was analyzed. The research results indicate that the dynamic variation of volumetric water content within the dump slope is significantly correlated with the duration of rainfall, and the distribution of saturated and unsaturated zones exhibits dynamic response characteristics as water content changes. In the initial stage of rainfall, the local water content in the surface layer of the slope increases rapidly, with transient saturated zones forming first at the toe and the rear edge of the slope crest. As rainfall continues, the infiltration range and depth of water gradually expand, and the volumetric water content of the slope shows an increasing trend from top to bottom. This leads to a rise in the groundwater level. After rainfall ceases, water is gradually discharged through dual mechanisms of vertical infiltration and horizontal migration, causing a progressive decrease in internal water content. Under heavy rainfall conditions, the stability of the dump slope significantly deteriorates with increasing rainfall intensity, and the time required for the safety factor to decline shortens progressively, the range of the safety factor reduction increases from 12.69% to 20.36%, while the required time decreased from 72 h to 36 h, indicating a time-dependent cumulative effect of rainfall intensity on slope stability. By analyzing the slope radar monitoring data of surface displacement during rainfall, the study demonstrates the significant impact of rainfall infiltration on slope stability.

Surface deformation prediction of open-pit mine slopes based on CNN-LSTM model

CAI Boyuan, YU Zhengxing, REN Yi, ZHANG Yihai, MA Haitao, WANG Yidan

2025, 35(S2):  231-238.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0030

Asbtract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (11342KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

This study aims to meet the engineering demand for high-precision prediction of surface deformation in open-pit mine slopes. Firstly, a hybrid prediction model of CNN-LSTM was constructed. With a certain open-pit mine taken as a case, time-series deformation data were acquired using S-SAR. Wavelet denoising was applied to preprocess the raw data and enhance data quality. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was then introduced as the baseline for traditional statistical methods to evaluate the necessity of employing deep learning-based prediction approaches. Finally, the hybrid prediction model of CNN-LSTM was compared with single-structure LSTM and CNN models to verify the scientific soundness and effectiveness of the proposed models. The results show that the LSTM, CNN, and CNN-LSTM models all outperform the ARIMA model in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R²), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), demonstrating the pronounced nonlinear characteristics of slope-deformation sequences. Among the deep learning architectures, the CNN-LSTM model exhibits the best overall performance. Relative to those of the LSTM model, its RMSE and MAE are reduced by 55.54% and 59.24%, respectively. Relative to those of the CNN model, they are reduced by 48.63% and 52.15%, respectively. In addition, the hybrid model's R² and MAPE are improved by 5.29% and 59.80% compared with those of the LSTM model, and by 3.27% and 52.51% compared with those of the CNN model.

Occupational health

Current status assessment of occupational disease hazards from perspective of urban public services

LI Hang, LI Changming

2025, 35(S2):  239-244.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S2.0037

Asbtract ( 13 )   HTML ( 0)   PDF (1922KB) ( 0 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To enhance the overall effectiveness of occupational health management in China and effectively safeguard the physical and mental well-being of workers, an assessment of occupational disease hazards was conducted using a biomass energy enterprise in an urban setting as a case study. The evaluation method combined on-site investigation, fixed-point monitoring, and checklist analysis. Based on relevant standards such as Occupational Exposure Limits for Harmful Factors in the Workplace Part 1: Chemical Harmful Factors and Guidelines for Evaluating the Control Effect of Occupational Disease Hazards in Construction Projects, a comprehensive identification and quantitative assessment of occupational disease hazard factors—including dust, chemical toxicants, noise, and high temperatures—was carried out throughout the entire process from raw material handling, waste incineration power generation, to flue gas purification. Simultaneously, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the implementation status of engineering protection, personal protective equipment, occupational health management system, emergency response system, and health monitoring measures taken by the enterprise. The results show that the concentrations or intensities of all hazard factors in the workplace of this enterprise are all below the national occupational exposure limits. The existing protective facilities are reasonably arranged and operate effectively, with stable compliance in periodic monitoring data over the past three years. All major aspects of occupational health management comply with regulatory requirements, and there have been no reported cases of occupational diseases or acute occupational poisoning incidents in recent years. The evaluation methods and results have been validated through years of operational practice by the enterprise, demonstrating a certain level of scientific validity and effectiveness. This can serve as a reference for similar enterprises in their prevention and control of occupational disease hazards.