基于协助比的特殊人群疏散时间影响研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.03.1010

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 161-166.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.03.1010

基于协助比的特殊人群疏散时间影响研究

蔡佳良(), 李凯玲, 屈璐^**(), 魏刘阳, 李瑶

长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安 710054

收稿日期:2022-10-21 修回日期:2023-01-12 出版日期:2023-03-28 发布日期:2023-11-28
通讯作者: **屈璐(1983—),女,陕西西安人,博士,讲师,主要从事建筑及地下空间消防及应急疏散等方面的研究。E-mail:qulu@chd.edu.cn。
作者简介:
蔡佳良 (1996—),男,陕西西安人,硕士研究生,研究方向为安全系统工程、安全疏散等。E-mail:15929483363@163.com,
李凯玲副教授
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金资助(52008030)

Study on influence of evacuation time of special population based on assistance ratio

CAI Jialiang(), LI Kailing, QU Lu^**(), WEI Liuyang, LI Yao

School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710064, China

Received:2022-10-21 Revised:2023-01-12 Online:2023-03-28 Published:2023-11-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究救援人员数量对特殊人群疏散的影响,根据疏散时特殊人群行为模式,运用Pathfinder仿真软件,对某特殊人群居住建筑建立基于协助比的疏散仿真模型,模拟不同特殊人群协助比参数,分析不同协助比对于疏散时间的影响;结果显示,楼梯间为影响疏散时间的主要区域,因此,根据原模型中的参数变化情况,建立不同人群疏散速度的楼梯间局部疏散模型,研究不同工况下楼梯间人员疏散速度随协助比的变化情况。研究表明:疏散时间与特殊人群协助比呈“U”型曲线相关,先随协助比升高而降低,在40%(2∶5)时达到最小值,之后随协助比增加而上升;不同协助比时,疏散时间主要受楼梯通过速度影响,低协助比时,楼梯通过速度受楼梯间速度降低系数影响显著,高协助比时,受正常人协助时自身速度下降影响显著。

关键词: 特殊人群, 协助比, 疏散时间, 无障碍建筑, 楼梯通过速度

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence of the number of rescuers on the evacuation of special populations, according to the behavior mode of special populations during evacuation, pathfinder simulation software was used to eatablish an evacuation simulation model based on the assistance ratio for a residential building of a special population. The parameters of the assistance ratio of different special populations were simulated, and the influence of different assistance ratios on evacuation time was analyzed. The results show that the stairwell is the main area affecting the evacuation time. Therefore, according to the parameter changes in the original model, a local evacuation model of the stairwell with different crowd evacuation speeds is established to study the evacuation speed of the stairwell under different working conditions. The results show that the evacuation time is related to the assistance ratio of special population in a U-shaped curve, which decreases with the increase of assistance ratio, reaches the minimum at 40%(2∶5), and then increases with the increase of assistance ratio. When the assist ratio is different, the evacuation time is mainly affected by the speed of the stairs. When the assist ratio is low, the speed of the stairs is significantly affected by the speed reduction coefficient of the stairwell. When the assist ratio is high, the speed of the normal person is significantly affected.

Key words: special population, assistance ratio, evacuation time, barrier-free building, stair speed

蔡佳良, 李凯玲, 屈璐, 魏刘阳, 李瑶. 基于协助比的特殊人群疏散时间影响研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(3): 161-166.

CAI Jialiang, LI Kailing, QU Lu, WEI Liuyang, LI Yao. Study on influence of evacuation time of special population based on assistance ratio[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(3): 161-166.

图/表 11

图1

图2

表1

表2

图3

表3

图4

图5

表4

图6

图7

参考文献 16

[1]	夏杨. 高层建筑火灾残疾人疏散分析研究[J]. 消防技术与产品信息, 2009(4):66-67.
[2]	田玉敏. 特殊人群疏散行为及疏散设计的研究[J]. 灾害学, 2013, 28(3):91-94.
[3]	汪洋. 大型场馆内残障人员疏散行为研究[D]. 天津: 河北工业大学, 2018.
	WANG Yang. Research on evacuation behavior of disabled people large-scale stadiums[D]. Tianjin: Hebei University of Technology, 2018.
[4]	白雪岑, 耿中飞, 李兴莉. 基于元胞自动机的特殊人群疏散仿真研究[C]. 第十七届北方七省市区力学学会学术会议论文集, 2018:88-93.
[5]	KOO Jeongin, YONG Seogkim, KIM Byungin, et al. A comparative study of evacuation strategies for people with disabilities in high-rise building evacuation[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2013, 40(2):408-417. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.07.017
[6]	霍非舟, 刘昶, 马亚萍, 等. 考虑主动避让行为的养老场所人员疏散研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(1):142-148. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.019
	HUO Feizhou, LIU Chang, MA Yaping, et al. Study on evacuation on elderly care places considering active avoidance behavior[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(1) :142-148. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.019
[7]	黄丽蒂, 罗开洲, 刘莹, 等. 基于PyroSim的老年公寓火灾蔓延规律分析[J]. 城市建筑, 2021, 18(10):133-135.
	HUANG Lidi, LUO Kaizhou, LIU Ying, et al. Analysis on fire spread law of senior apartment based on Pyrosim[J]. Urbanism and Architecture, 2021, 18(10):133-135.
[8]	HASHEMI M. Emergency evacuation of people with disabilities: a survey of drills, simulations, and accessibility[J]. Cogent Engineering, 2018, 5:DOI: 10.1080/23311916.2018.1506304. doi: 10.1080/23311916.2018.1506304
[9]	KULIGOWSKI E, PEACOCK R, WIESS E, et al. Stair evacuation of people with mobility impairments[J]. Fire & Materials, 2015, 39(4):371-384.
[10]	TINABURRI A. Principles for Monte Carlo agent-based evacuation simulations including occupants who need assistance. from RSET to RiSET[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2022, 127: DOI:10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103510. doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103510
[11]	PARK Seon A, LEE Jaiyoung. Analysis of the evacuation safety in a fire at welfare center for disabled[J]. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 2021, 12(12):315-322.
[12]	Pathfinder technical reference manual[Z]. Manhattan: Thunderhead Engineering, 2021:17-20.
[13]	BOYCE K E, SHIELDS T J, SILCOCK G. Toward the characterization of building occupancies for fire safety engineering: prevalence, type, and mobility of disabled people[J]. Fire Technology, 1999, 35(1): 35-50. doi: 10.1023/A:1015335132296
[14]	JIANG Chuansheng, ZHENG S Z, YUAN F, et al. Experimental assessment on the moving capabilities of mobility-impaired disabled[J]. Safety Science, 2012, 50(4):974-985. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2011.12.023
[15]	ADAMS A, GALEA E. An experimental evaluation of movement devices used to assist people with reduced mobility in high-rise building evacuations[C]. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, 2011:129-138.
[16]	姚亦舒, 陆伟. 安全出口台阶设计对幼儿疏散影响的试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(4):127-134. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.04.020
	YAO Yishu, LU Wei. Influence of designs of landings at egress doors on children's evacuation behaviors[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(4):127-134. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.04.020

楼梯高度h/cm	梯段宽度b/cm	K
19.05	25.4	1.0
17.78	27.94	1.08
16.51	30.84	1.16
16.51	33.02	1.23

地面类型	行动障碍类型	b/cm	v_max/(m·s^-1)	K₁
水平地面	正常人	45.5	1.40	—
	无行走障碍残疾人	45.5	0.95	—
	拄拐	45.5	0.94	—
	手杖	45.5	0.81	—
	由他人辅助疏散(疏散椅)	90×45.5(长×宽)	0.95	—
	电动轮椅	1 320	0.89	—
	手动轮椅	1 320	0.69	—
	手动轮椅(由他人辅助)	1 320	1.30	—
下楼梯	正常人	45.5	1.12	0.80
	无行走障碍残疾人	45.5	0.36	0.38
	拄拐	45.5	0.22	0.23
	手杖	45.5	0.32	0.40
	由他人辅助疏散(疏散椅)	90×45.5(长×宽)	0.75	0.80
	电动轮椅	1 320	—	—
	手动轮椅	1 320	—	—
	手动轮椅(由他人辅助)	1 320	—	—

方程	y = a + bx
绘图	0	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9	1
权重	不加权
截距	-2.170 24	-4.111 23	-6.215 7	-8.583 04	-5.406 46	-5.828 47	-7.071 06	-5.662 1	-7.094 6	-10.555 33	-8.779 9
斜率	0.360 14	0.422 33	0.423 11	0.427 64	0.434 55	0.398 09	0.423 25	0.427 03	0.399 02	0.469 47	0.427 64
Pearson's r	0.978 16	0.980 79	0.991 97	0.993 3	0.983 3	0.990 44	0.989 15	0.985 21	0.973 26	0.976 27	0.968 36
确定系数R²	0.956 79	0.961 95	0.984	0.986 65	0.966 88	0.980 96	0.978 42	0.970 64	0.947 23	0.953 1	0.937 72
调整后R²	0.956 62	0.961 79	0.983 93	0.986 59	0.966 74	0.980 89	0.978 33	0.970 52	0.947 02	0.952 9	0.937 47

工况	a₁/ (cm×cm)	v₁/ (m·s^-1)	v₂/ (m·s^-1)	a₂/ (cm×cm)	v₃/ (m·s^-1)	v₄/ (m·s^-1)	a₃/ (cm×cm)	v₅/ (m·s^-1)	v₆/ (m·s^-1)
1	45.5×45.5	1.4	1.12	45.5×45.5	1.4	0.36	90×45.5	1.4	0.36
2	45.5×45.5	1.4	1.12	45.5×45.5	0.95	0.36	90×45.5	1.4	0.36
3	45.5×45.5	1.4	1.12	45.5×45.5	0.95	0.36	90×45.5	0.95	0.36
4	45.5×45.5	1.4	1.12	45.5×45.5	1.4	0.36	90×45.5	1.4	0.75

基于协助比的特殊人群疏散时间影响研究

Study on influence of evacuation time of special population based on assistance ratio

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 11

参考文献 16

相关文章 10

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	吕伟, 汪京辉, 李加伟, 陈文涛, 房志明. 火灾场景下宽体客机人员疏散风险分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(3): 141-146.
[2]	成艳英, 谢玮, 张玉春, 彭奇, 刘劼玮, 陈柯. 公路隧道人员疏散时间计算模型及应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(4): 121-126.
[3]	张硕, 黄榕, 余强. 大型客车乘客疏散特性与制约因素试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(9): 181-187.
[4]	郑霞忠, 田丹, 谢雪凌, 陈述, 张明. 考虑被疏散者汇流的楼梯疏散模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(8): 168-173.
[5]	李伟平，徐永，廖少明. 公路隧道火灾安全疏散时间计算法的探讨与改进[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2012, 22(9): 43-.
[6]	李思寰，陈钢铁. 灾害大规模混合应急疏散研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2012, 22(12): 133-.
[7]	陈俊敏，姚小林，林孙滔，叶海斌. 地铁站事故疏散时间计算方法对比研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2011, 21(10): 64-.
[8]	杨英霞，陈超，屈璐，任明亮. 关于地铁列车火灾人员疏散问题的几点讨论[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2006, 16(9): 45-.
[9]	谢灼利，张建文，魏利军，刘骥. 地铁车站站台火灾中人员的安全疏散[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2004, 14(7): 21-.
[10]	谢旭阳，周心权，谢续程，陈桦. 高层建筑火灾人员疏散和人员伤亡的模拟[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2002, 12(3): 15-.