悬挂式轨道列车区间疏散模式安全性研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.04.0834

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究悬挂式轨道列车火灾时不同疏散模式对人员安全性的影响,首先基于竖向疏散模式的特性,构造人员下行速度与楼梯高度、坡度的耦合关系式;然后采用Pathfinder软件,分析不同疏散模式下疏散设施参数与人员必需安全疏散时间(t_R)的关系。结果表明:采用竖向设施的疏散方式,t_R与列车距地面的高度呈正相关关系,独立楼梯、充气滑梯均满足安全疏散要求;采用双充气滑梯的疏散方式,t_R比采用单个充气滑梯的t_R减小约35.6 %;独立楼梯坡度设计宜为30~35°、宽度不小于1.3 m;横渡板宽度优选1.5 m,疏散平台宽度不小于1.3 m;疏散平台+楼梯组合疏散,楼梯间距为200 m时,列车在区间任意位置的t_R约等于415 s,小于900 s,满足安全疏散要求。从经济性和可持续性角度,推荐采用独立楼梯为主、其他设施为辅的疏散方式。

关键词: 悬挂式轨道列车, 疏散模式, 安全性, 必需安全疏散时间, 仿真计算

Abstract:

This paper studied the influence of different evacuation modes on the safety of personnel in case of fire in suspended track trains. Firstly, based on the characteristics of the vertical evacuation mode, a coupling formula of the personnel descending speed affected by the height and slope of stairs was constructed. Then, Pathfinder software was used to analyze the relationship between the parameters of evacuation facilities and the necessary safe evacuation time (t_R) of personnel under different evacuation modes. The results show that t_R of the vertical evacuation mode is positively correlated with the height of the train from the ground, and the independent stairs and inflatable slides meet the requirements of safe evacuation. The t_R of double inflatable slide is about 35.6% less than that of single inflatable slide. The slope of the independent stairs should be designed to be 30-35°, and the width should not be less than 1.3 m. The width of the crossing plate is preferably 1.5 m, and the width of the evacuation platform should not be less than 1.3 m. When the distance between evacuation platforms and stairs is 200 m, the t_R of the train at any position in the zone is about 415 s, which is less than 900 s and meets the requirement of safe evacuation. From the perspective of economy and sustainability, it is recommended to use independent stairs as the main method, supplemented by other escape facilities.

Key words: suspended track train, evacuation mode, safety, necessary safe evacuation time, simulation calculation

王美娜, 姜学鹏, 王启睿, 蒲婷, 彭义. 悬挂式轨道列车区间疏散模式安全性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(4): 163-171.

WANG Meina, JIANG Xuepeng, WANG Qirui, PU Ting, PENG Yi. Study on safety of suspended track trains in interval evacuation mode[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(4): 163-171.

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楼梯坡度θ/ (°)	平均下行速度/(m·s^-1)
楼梯坡度θ/ (°)	成年男人v₁	成年女人v₂	老人v₃
24.6	0.82	0.91	0.80
30.5	0.72	0.76	0.64
35.0	0.62	0.67	0.58
38.8	0.61	0.57	0.47

人员类别	比例/%	水平行走速度/(m·s^-1)
人员类别	比例/%	平坦无烟	平坦有烟	不平坦有烟
成年男人	45	1.2	1.17	1
成年女人	38	1	0.97	0.8
老人	7	0.72	0.7	0.6
儿童	10	0.8	0.78	0.67

楼梯坡度/(°)	列车高度/m	平均下行速度/(m·s^-1)
30	5	0.570
	10	0.554
	15	0.549
	20	0.547
	25	0.545
	30	0.544
32.5	10	0.516
35	10	0.479
37.5	10	0.444
40	10	0.409
42.5	10	0.374
45	10	0.340

疏散设施	速度/(m·s^-1)	单次承载量/人	尺寸/m
充气滑梯	2	-	1
柔性滑道	3	1	0.3~0.6
消防云梯	2	10	1.8×0.9

疏散设施	坡度/(°)	列车距地面高度/m
独立楼梯	30	5、10、15、20、25、30
充气滑梯
柔性滑道
消防云梯