基于Petri网的终端区ADS-B监视系统及其可靠性研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.10.1519

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为辅助塔台管制人员决策,提升航空器运行安全性,提出一种以广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)数据为数据源的终端区监视系统。首先,基于系统需求分析系统架构特征,利用面向对象Petri网(OOPN)灵活、易于模块化设计等优点,将复杂系统模块化,分别建立子系统模型,依据子系统间的交互关系建立整体系统简化模型,并分析模型的可靠性;然后,设计ADS-B数据流实时传输引擎,利用无线传输的方式提升数据使用效率,然后,设计ADS-B数据流实时传输引擎,利用无线传输的方式提升数据使用效率,有效传输虚拟系统与外部实体之间的数据;最后,基于虚幻引擎(UE4)平台,构建虚拟现实仿真系统,实时监视机场及周围一定范围内的航空器。实时监视机场及周围一定范围内的航空器。结果表明:该系统建模方法能提高系统的模块性和可靠性,增强系统逻辑结构的易分析性,构建的系统可以安全、可靠地实现终端区监视功能。

关键词: Petri网, 终端区, 广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B), 可靠性, 系统仿真

Abstract:

In order to assist the tower controllers in making decisions and improve the safety of aircraft operation, an airport terminal area monitoring system is proposed based on ADS-B data. Firstly, by analyzing the system architecture characteristics based on system requirements, taking advantage of OOPN's flexibility and easy modular design, the overall complex system was divided into modules and a subsystem model was established. According to the interaction between subsystems, a simplified model of the overall system was established, and the reliability of the model was analyzed. Secondly, the ADS-B real-time data transmission engine was designed to improve the efficiency of data use by wireless transmission, and realize effective data transmission between virtual system and external entity. Finally, based on the Unreal Engine 4 (UE4) platform, the system for virtual reality simulation was implemented to monitor aircraft in real-time within a certain range around the airport. The analysis and test show that the modularity and reliability of the system are improved by the modeling of the system. The analytical nature of the logical structure of the system is enhanced. The terminal area monitoring function of the constructed system can be implemented safely and reliably.

Key words: Petri net, terminal area, automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast(ADS-B), reliability, system simulation

沈笑云, 张硕, 张思远, 焦卫东. 基于Petri网的终端区ADS-B监视系统及其可靠性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(10): 53-61.

SHEN Xiaoyun, ZHANG Shuo, ZHANG Siyuan, JIAO Weidong. Research on ADS-B monitoring system and its reliability in terminal area based on Petri net[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(10): 53-61.

图/表 14

图1

图2

图3

表1

系统模型中库所与变迁的含义

库所	变迁
计算机进行数据解析 $P 12$	以太网线传输数据 $T 11$
本地数据库 $P 13$	数据挑选 $T 12$
包含不同类型数据的容器 $P 21$	新线程传输数据 $T 13$
包含空中速度数据项容器 $P 22$	根据标志符区分数据类型 $T 21$
包含空中位置数据项容器 $P 23$	根据分隔符分离数据项 $T 22$
包含地面位置数据项容器 $P 24$	经纬高转换投影坐标 $T 23 、 T 24$
空中速度类数据分离后 $P 25$	经、纬、高数据变量化 $T 26$
空中位置数据转换后坐标 $P 26$	经、纬、速度等数据变量化 $T 27$
地面位置数据转换后坐标 $P 27$	查询航空器模型库 $T 31$
系统中的航空器模型库 $P 31$	遍历查询场景中已生成的 $T 32$
下一次接收的数据变量块 $P 32$	将数据按类型存储到实例 $T 33$
场景中生成航空器模型 $P 33$	按需求提取变量信息 $T 34$
场景已存在的航空器实例 $P 34$	数据驱动航空器模型移动 $T 35$
系统的交互功能 $P 41 、 P 42$	交互功能实现 $T 41 、 T 42$
距离向量差 $P 51$	计算位置向量数据 $T 51$
时间差 $P 52$	计算时间数据 $T 52$
速度差 $P 53$	计算速度、航向数据 $T 53 、 T 54$
航向角变化差 $P 54$	计算单位时间运动距离 $T 55$
航空器单位步长 $P 55$	速度航向校验 $T 56$
—	设置航空器行进步长 $T 57$

表1

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表2

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硬件设备	配置信息
SBS-3接收机	天线、以太网线、USB电源线
服务器端计算机	中央处理器:A10-8750B 图形处理器:标准VGA图形适配器内存:8GB
系统端计算机	中央处理器:i5-10400 图形处理器:GTX 1660 Ti 内存:16 GB