安全生产服务机构参与的建筑安全监管演化博弈

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.12.2163

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为改善建筑安全生产过程中事故多发现状,剖析引入安全生产中介服务可能存在的寻租现象,综合运用博弈论,建立建筑企业、安全生产服务机构和政府监管部门之间的三方演化博弈模型,分析三方行为演化特征,仿真模拟博弈系统中均衡点的稳定性。结果表明:建筑企业与安全生产服务机构执行安全管理的成本过高,会使其选择不利于建筑项目安全管理的行为策略,合理控制其维修整改和安全管理投入的成本,会使其积极主动落实安全管理策略;政府部门在监管过程当中,应将管理的重心放在安全生产服务机构上,加强对机构行为的规制,引导建设企业按章办事,这有助于在节约成本投入的同时达到规制双方行为的目的;激励公众对建筑安全监管的积极参与,增加企业的寻租成本和机构的投机成本,有助于引导监督建筑企业、安全生产服务机构行为趋于规范。

关键词: 安全生产服务机构, 建筑安全监管, 建筑企业, 演化博弈, 寻租成本

Abstract:

This study aims to improve the current situation of high incidence of accidents in the process of construction work safety. The possible rent-seeking phenomenon of introducing the intermediary services for work safety was analyzed. By applying the method of game theory, a 3-party evolutionary game model was established among construction enterprises, work safety service providers and government regulators. The evolutionary characteristics of the 3-party behaviors were analyzed, and the stability of the equilibrium point in the game system was simulated. The results show that the high cost of implementing safety management makes the construction enterprises and work safety service providers choose behavior strategies that are not conducive to the safety management of construction projects. Reasonable control of the maintenance and rectification costs and the safety management inputs enables them to actively implement safety management strategies. In the process of supervision, the government should focus on work safety service providers, strengthening the regulation of the providers' behaviour, and guide the construction enterprises to act in accordance with the rules, which is conductive to achieving the goal of regulating the behaviour of both sides while saving costs and inputs. Simulating the public to actively participate in the supervision of construction safety and increasing the rent-seeking costs of enterprises and the speculative costs of providers can well guide the supervision of construction enterprises and work safety service providers to standardize their behaviour.

Key words: work safety service provider, construction safety supervision, construction enterprises, evolutionary game, rent-seeking costs

陈述, 尹佳, 邵波, 陈云, 王越. 安全生产服务机构参与的建筑安全监管演化博弈[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(12): 8-15.

CHEN Shu, YIN Jia, SHAO Bo, CHEN Yun, WANG Yue. Evolutionary game of construction safety supervision involved by work safety service provider[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(12): 8-15.

图/表 9

图1

表1

建筑企业、安全生产服务机构与政府监管部门的混合策略博弈矩阵

建筑企业	安全生产服务机构	政府监管部门
建筑企业	安全生产服务机构	严格监管z	不严格监管( $1 - z$ )
按章办事x	履职尽责y	$R j - C j, R a - C a, R z - C z - R a$	$R j - C j, R a - C a, R z - R a$
按章办事x	不履职尽责( $1 - y$ )	$R j - C j, R a - F a - C a t, R z - C z - R a + F a$	$R j - C j, R a - C a t, R z - R a$
不按章办事 ( $1 - x$ )	履职尽责y	$R j - F j - W j, R a - C a, R z - C z - R a + F j$	$R j - W j, R a - C a, R z - R a$
不按章办事 ( $1 - x$ )	不履职尽责 ( $1 - y$ )	$R j - B j - F j - W j, R a - F a - C a t + B j$ , $R z - C z - R a + F j + F a$	$R j - B j - α (S j + D j), R a - C a t - α (S a + D a) + B j, (1 - α) R z - R a - α D z$

表1

表2

均衡点稳定性分析

均衡点	雅克比矩阵特征值		稳定性结论	条件
均衡点	$λ 1, λ 2, λ 3$	实部符号	稳定性结论	条件
$E 1 (0,0, 0)$	$B j - C j + α (S j + D j), C a t - C a - B j + α (S a + D a), F a + F j - C z + α (D z + R z)$	$(×, ×, ×)$	ESS	①
$E 2 (1,0, 0)$	$C j - B j - α (S j + D j), C a t - C a, F a - C z$	$(×, ×, ×)$	ESS	②
$E 3 (0,1, 0)$	$W j - C j, C a - C a t + B j - α (S a + D a), F j - C z$	$(×, ×, ×)$	ESS	③
$E 4 (0,0, 1)$	$F j + B j + W j - C j, C a t - C a + F a - B j, C z - F a - F j - α (D z + R z)$	$(×, ×, ×)$	ESS	④
$E 5 (1,1, 0)$	$C j - W j, C a - C a t, - C z$	$(×, ×, -)$	ESS	⑤
$E 6 (1,0, 1)$	$C j - W j - F j - B j, C a t - C a + F a, C z - F a$	$(×, ×, ×)$	ESS	⑥
$E 7 (0,1, 1)$	$F j + W j - C j, C a - C a t - F a + B j, C z - F j$	$(×, ×, ×)$	ESS	⑦
$E 8 (1,1, 1)$	$C j - W j - F j, C a - C a t - F a, C z$	$(×, ×, +)$	不稳定点	—

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 21

[1]	仇国芳, 郑亚敏, 张炜. 建筑业百亿元产值死亡率影响因素的灰色关联分析[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2019, 19(2):514-520.
	QIU Guofang, ZHENG Yamin, ZHANG Wei. Revision analysis of the gray correlation between the influential factors and a ten billion yuan output value mortality in the building industry[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2019, 19(2):514-520.
[2]	陈钦安. 安全生产社会化服务机制的创新与思考[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2016, 12(增1):253-257.
	CHEN Qin'an. Innovation and thinking on socialized service mechanism of work safety[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2016, 12(S1):253-257.
[3]	李蕾, 徐小棠. 建筑工业化下政府质量安全监管缺陷评价研究[J]. 建筑经济, 2018, 39(8):102-106.
	LI Lei, XU Xiaotang. Research on the evaluation of government quality and safety supervision defects of construction industrialization[J]. Construction Economy, 2018, 39(8):102-106.
[4]	沈斌. 基于系统动力学的安全生产监管有效性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2012, 22(5):85-91.
	SHEN Bin. Study on safty production regulation effectiveness based on system dynamics[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2012, 22(5):85-91.
[5]	陈述, 向蕾, 任亚萍, 等. 基于长期合作的建设项目多层次安全监管利益分配研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2021, 21(3):1151-1157.
	CHEN Shu, XIANG Lei, REN Yaping, et al. Benefit distribution of the multi-level safety supervision over the construction projects based on the long-term cooperation[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2021, 21(3): 1151-1157.
[6]	杨鑫刚, 王起全. 建筑安全管理机制博弈分析与改进[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(11):26-31. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.11.004
	YANG Xin'gang, WANG Qiquan. Game analysis and improvement of construction safety management mechanism[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(11): 26-31. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.11.004
[7]	程敏, 陈辉. 基于演化博弈的建筑工程安全监管研究[J]. 运筹与管理, 2011, 20(6): 210-215.
	CHENG Min, CHEN Hui. Research on construction safety supervision based on evolutionary game theory[J]. Operations Research and Management Science, 2011, 20(6): 210-215.
[8]	GUO Feng, WANG Junwu, LIU Denghui, et al. Evolutionary process of promoting construction safety education to avoid construction safety accidents in China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, 18(19): DOI:10.3390/ijerph181910392.
[9]	陈述, 任亚萍, 席炎, 等. 动态惩罚机制下企业安全生产行为演化分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(1):51-57. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.007
	CHEN Shu, REN Yaping, XI Yan, et al. Evolutionary analysis on work safety behavior in firms under dynamic punishment mechanism[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(1): 51-57. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.01.007
[10]	冯群, 石学军, 徐伟. 建筑工程安监系统的权力寻租治理:基于寻租主体演化博弈的视角[J]. 中国管理科学, 2015, 23(增1):9-14.
	FENG Qun, SHI Xuejun, XU Wei, Power rent-seeking governance in safety supervision system of projects: based on evolutionary game model among the subjects[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2015, 23(S1): 9-14.
[11]	叶贵, 杨丽萍, 李学征, 等. 奖惩对建筑工人安全行为演化的正向效应研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2022, 22(1):201-210.
	YE Gui, YANG Liping, LI Xuezheng, et al. Study on the positive effect of rewards and punishments on the evolution of construction workers' safety behavior[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2022, 22(1): 201-210.
[12]	HASLE P, BAGER B, GRANERUD L. Small enterprises-accountants as occupational health and safety intermediaries[J]. Safety Science, 2010, 48(3): 404-409. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2009.09.008
[13]	程敏, 朱前程, 董大旻. 基于系统动力学的建筑安全监管博弈研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2011, 21(12):73-81.
	CHENG Min, ZHU Qiancheng, DONG Damin. Game study on construction safety supervision based on system dynamics[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2011, 21(12):73-81.
[14]	张攀, 郭聖煜. 基于进化博弈理论的建筑工程质量监管SD模型[J]. 土木工程与管理学报, 2018, 35(6): 178-185.
	ZHANG Pan, GUO Shengyu. System dynamics model based on evolutionary game theory for quality supervision of building construction[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2018, 35(6):178-185.
[15]	陈述, 胡志根, 刘全, 等. 水电工程施工安全管理激励机制设计[J]. 系统工程学报, 2012, 27(4):474-480.
	CHEN Shu, HU Zhigen, LIU Quan, et al. Incentive mechanism design for safety management of hydropower construction[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering, 2012, 27(4):474-480.
[16]	SHENG Jichuan, MICHAEL W. Incentive-compatible payments for watershed services along the eastern route of China's South-North water transfer project[J]. Ecosystem Services, 2017, 25: 213-226. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.04.006
[17]	CHEN Yun, HU Zhigen, LIU Quan, et al. Evolutionary game analysis of tripartite cooperation strategy under mixed development environment of cascade hydropower stations[J]. Water Resources Management, 2020, 34(6): 1951-1970. doi: 10.1007/s11269-020-02537-0
[18]	何寿奎, 梁功雯, 蒙建波. 基于前景理论的重大工程多主体利益博弈与行为演化机理[J]. 科技管理研究, 2020, 40(5):207-214.
	HE Shoukui, LIANG Gongwen, MENG Jianbo. Multi-subjects benefit game and behavior evolution mechanism of major engineering based on prospect theory[J]. Science and Technology Management Research, 2020, 40(5): 207-214.
[19]	张跃斌, 易欣, 宋璋玉, 等. 基于SD的装配式建筑施工安全监管演化博弈研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2022, 18(3):149-155.
	ZHANG Yuebin, YI Xin, SONG Zhangyu, et al. Research on evolutionary game of safety supervision for prefabricated building constructin based on SD[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2022, 18(3):149-155.
[20]	焦萍, 张帅, 赵小曼. 基于第三方的政府与道路运输企业安全监管演化博弈[J]. 长安大学学报:自然科学版, 2021, 41(3):106-115.
	JIAO Ping, ZHANG Shuai, ZHAO Xiaoman. Evolutionary game of safety supervision between government and road transport enterprises based on third-party[J]. Journal of Chang'an University:Natural Science Edition, 2021, 41(3):106-115.
[21]	陈思聪, 黄超然. 地方政府对中小企业安全监管策略与影响路径分析[J]. 劳动保护, 2022(8):107-109.