实景三维数据下城市洪涝模拟及风险评估

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.0622

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 237-245.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.0622

实景三维数据下城市洪涝模拟及风险评估

吴立舟¹(), 李华¹^,^**(), 张鹏¹, 钱虹燕², 康飞³, 谭光丽⁴

¹ 西安建筑科技大学资源工程学院,陕西西安 710055
² 镇巴县青水镇人民政府,陕西汉中 723600
³ 镇巴县应急管理局,陕西汉中 723600
⁴ 镇巴县气象局,陕西汉中 723600

收稿日期:2025-01-11 修回日期:2025-03-17 出版日期:2025-05-28
通信作者:
^** 李华(1979—),女,陕西西安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事企业风险评估与安全管理、建筑安全监测与监控、公共安全与应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail: lihua@xauat.edu.cn。
作者简介:
吴立舟 (2000—),男,陕西汉中人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为智能施工与安全管理,计算机视觉和无人机视觉。E-mail:wulizhou@xauat.edu.cn。
李华, 副教授
基金资助:
2024年西安建筑科技大学本科生科研训练全覆盖计划项目(202410)

Simulation and risk assessment of urban flooding under realistic 3D data

WU Lizhou¹(), LI Hua¹^,^**(), ZHANG Peng¹, QIAN Hongyan², KANG Fei³, TAN Guangli⁴

¹ School of Resources Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi 'an Shaanxi 710055, China
² Zhenba County Qingshui Town People's Government, Hanzhong Shaanxi 723600, China
³ Zhenba County Emergency Management Bureau, Hanzhong Shaanxi 723600, China
⁴ Zhenba County meteorological Bureau, Hanzhong Shaanxi 723600, China

Received:2025-01-11 Revised:2025-03-17 Published:2025-05-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高城市洪涝灾害防范和减灾能力,以镇巴县为例,探讨洪涝灾害的耦合成灾过程及风险评估方法。通过分析近年来降雨数据和洪涝灾害统计,揭示该地区洪涝灾害的频发和严重性,以及对经济社会造成的巨大损失。利用无人机技术获取高精度地形数据,并结合土壤和水评估工具(SWAT)进行洪涝模拟,提供准确灾害数据支持。构建基于多要素风险评估矩阵,通过归一化处理得到综合洪涝风险指数。风险评估结果显示:确认14个Ⅳ级风险区域,且模型模拟结果与实际情况吻合度高。研究结果表明:所构建的耦合成灾模拟与风险评估方法能较为准确地识别高风险区域。针对高风险区域提出有效应对措施,包括提升防洪能力、加强监测预警、开展灾害宣传教育以及加强土地规划管理。

关键词: 实景三维, 城市洪涝, 风险评估, 无人机, 土壤和水评估工具(SWAT)

Abstract:

In order to enhance the capacity of urban flood prevention and disaster reduction, taking Zhenba County as an example, this paper explores the coupled disaster formation process and risk assessment methods of flood disasters. By analyzing the rainfall data and flood disaster statistics in recent years, the frequent occurrence and severity of flood disasters in this area as well as the huge losses they have caused to the economy and society were revealed. High-precision terrain data was obtained through unmanned aerial vehicle technology and combined with the SWAT for flood simulation, providing accurate disaster data support. A multi-factor risk assessment matrix was constructed, and the comprehensive flood risk index was obtained through normalization processing. The risk assessment results show that 14 areas with grade IV risks are ide.pngied, and the simulation results of the model are highly consistent with the actual situation. The research results indicate that the constructed coupled disaster formation simulation and risk assessment method can accurately ide.pngy high-risk areas. Effective countermeasures are proposed for high-risk areas, including improving flood control capacity, strengthening monitoring and early warning, conducting disaster prevention and education, and strengthening land planning and management.

Key words: 3D reality modeling, urban flooding, risk assessment, unmanned aerial vehicle, soil and water assessment tool(SWAT)

中图分类号:

X915.5

吴立舟, 李华, 张鹏, 钱虹燕, 康飞, 谭光丽. 实景三维数据下城市洪涝模拟及风险评估[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(5): 237-245.

WU Lizhou, LI Hua, ZHANG Peng, QIAN Hongyan, KANG Fei, TAN Guangli. Simulation and risk assessment of urban flooding under realistic 3D data[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(5): 237-245.

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年份	暴雨天气/次	暴雨天数	洪涝灾害上报次数	全年洪涝灾害直接经济损失/万元
2021	15	29	10	166 145.109
2022	8	14	6	54 716.485
2023	12	16	6	94 936.860

风险因素类型	34A	48B
地表径流量/mm	17.18	17.175
土壤含水量/mm	127.845	127.832
流失总泥沙量/(t·ha^-1)	0.09	0.086
风险因素类型	34A	48B
河道总水量/(m³·s^-1)	347.431	348.765
河段泥沙量/t	9.945	10.82
河段泥沙质量浓度/(mg·kg^-1)	11.72	13.99
风险等级	Ⅳ	Ⅳ

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实景三维数据下城市洪涝模拟及风险评估

Simulation and risk assessment of urban flooding under realistic 3D data

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