细粒尾矿沉积特性与矿浆流动特征流槽模型试验

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.0918

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 135-144.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.0918

细粒尾矿沉积特性与矿浆流动特征流槽模型试验

陈青林¹^,²(), 包礼霖¹^,², 王晓军¹^,²^,^**(), 戴泽宇¹^,², 张超³, 王光进¹^,²

¹ 稀有金属资源安全高效开采江西省重点实验室,江西赣州 341000
² 江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,江西赣州 341000
³ 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉 430071

收稿日期:2024-12-05 修回日期:2025-02-15 出版日期:2025-05-28
通信作者:
^** 王晓军(1979—),男,山西晋中人,博士,教授,主要从事金属矿安全高效开采与灾害防治研究。E-mail: wangxiaojun@jxust.edu.cn。
作者简介:
陈青林 (1990—),男,江西抚州人,博士,副教授,主要从事采矿工程、尾矿坝灾变机制与防控技术,边坡稳定等方面的研究。E-mail: chenql@jxust.edu.cn。
陈青林, 副教授
王晓军, 教授
张超, 研究员
王光进, 教授
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3012200); 国家自然科学基金资助(52104085); 江西省自然科学基金资助(20232BAB213069); 江西省双千计划项目(jxsq2023102139)

Sedimentation law of fine tailings and characteristics of slurry flow by flume model test

CHEN Qinglin¹^,²(), BAO Lilin¹^,², WANG Xiaojun¹^,²^,^**(), DAI Zeyu¹^,², ZHANG Chao³, WANG Guangjin¹^,²

¹ Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Safe and Efficient Mining of Rare Metal Resources, Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000, China
² School of Resources & Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000, China
³ State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Hubei 430071, China

Received:2024-12-05 Revised:2025-02-15 Published:2025-05-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为剖析尾矿坝堆积筑坝过程中尾矿沉积体赋存特征与浆液流动行为,采用流槽试验模型开展单管浆液排放条件下细粒尾矿堆积筑坝试验,研究细粒尾矿堆积过程中沉积滩坡度、尾矿颗粒粒径分布、水位高度和孔隙水压力的变化特性,分析尾矿浆流动、运动轨迹特征,并讨论尾矿沿程沉积细化机制。结果表明:沉积滩坡度随沿程距离的增加而减小;尾矿颗粒粒径随沿程距离的增加逐渐细化,随深度的增加粒径呈交错变化;尾矿坝水位高度随坝高的增高而增加,整体表现出前陡后缓;孔隙水压力在尾矿浆排放阶段上升,在尾矿浆停止排放间歇阶段消散;尾矿浆在流槽首端以扇形发散的方式流动,中部以不规则溪流的方式流动,末端尾矿浆先以层流方式流动后转变为无规则旋转流动;干滩面浆液运动速率波动较大,达到尾水面后浆液的运动趋于平稳,尾水面交界处前后浆液的运动特征差异性较大。

关键词: 细粒尾矿, 矿浆流动, 沉积滩坡度, 流槽, 尾矿坝, 孔隙水压力

Abstract:

To investigate the occurrence characteristics of the tailings deposit and slurry flow behavior during the damming process of tailings impoundments, the flume test model was used to carry out the fine-grained tailings accumulation damming test under single pipe slurry discharge conditions. The variation characteristics of beach slope, tailings particle size distribution, water level height and pore water pressure during the accumulation process of fine-grained tailings were studied. The tailings slurry flow and trajectory characteristics were analyzed, and the mechanism of tailings refinement along the deposition course was discussed. The results show that deposition slope decreased with the increase of the downstream distance. The particle size of tailings gradually becomes finer with increase of downstream distance, and the particle size is staggered with the increase of depth. The height of water level of tailings dam increases with the increase of height of dam, exhibiting a steep front slope and a gentle back slope overall. The pore water pressure rises during the discharge stage of tailings slurry and dissipates during the intermittent stage when tailings slurry stops discharging. The tailings slurry flows in a fan-shaped divergent pattern at the beginning of flume, in an irregular stream-like pattern in the middle section, and transitions from laminar flow to irregular rotational flow at the end. The slurry flow rate on dry beach surface fluctuates greatly, and slurry movement tends to be stable after reaching the tailings water surface. There is a significant difference in slurry movement characteristics before and after the interface between dry beach and tailings water.

Key words: fine-grained tailings, tailings pulp flow, deposition beach slope, flume, tailings dam, pore water pressure

中图分类号:

X936

陈青林, 包礼霖, 王晓军, 戴泽宇, 张超, 王光进. 细粒尾矿沉积特性与矿浆流动特征流槽模型试验[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(5): 135-144.

CHEN Qinglin, BAO Lilin, WANG Xiaojun, DAI Zeyu, ZHANG Chao, WANG Guangjin. Sedimentation law of fine tailings and characteristics of slurry flow by flume model test[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(5): 135-144.

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细粒尾矿沉积特性与矿浆流动特征流槽模型试验

Sedimentation law of fine tailings and characteristics of slurry flow by flume model test

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