空间点云数据在储罐结构有限元建模中的应用

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.09.1124

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 106-112.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.09.1124

空间点云数据在储罐结构有限元建模中的应用

都亮¹^,²(), 邢述¹^,², 王大朋¹^,², 张春义¹^,², 石秀山¹^,²^,^**(), 闫河¹^,²

¹ 中国特种设备检测研究院,北京 100029
² 国家市场监督管理总局技术创新中心(油气管道与储存设备安全),北京 100029

收稿日期:2025-04-22 修回日期:2025-07-02 出版日期:2025-09-28
通信作者:
**石秀山(1978—),男,安徽颍上人,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事危化品常压储罐安全评价和标准方面的研究。E-mail:shixiushan@csei.org.cn。
作者简介:
都亮 (1986—),男,山东安丘人,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事危化品储存装备安全评价等方面的研究。E-mail:duliang.sme@163.com。
邢述高级工程师
王大朋工程师
张春义工程师
闫河正高级工程师
基金资助:
国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2023MK207); 十四五国家重点研发计划课题项目(2023YFC3008703); 中国特检院青年科技英才项目(KJYC-2023-05)

Application of spatial point cloud data in finite element modeling of storage tanks

DU Liang¹^,²(), XING Shu¹^,², WANG Dapeng¹^,², ZHANG Chunyi¹^,², SHI Xiushan¹^,²^,^**(), YAN He¹^,²

¹ China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Beijing 100029, China
² Technology Innovation Center of Oil and Gas Pipeline and Storage Equipment Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2025-04-22 Revised:2025-07-02 Published:2025-09-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高危化品储罐结构安全评价的准确性,提出一种基于三维激光扫描的有限元模型构建流程,通过点云数据构建有限元仿真模型,精准表征罐体不圆度、局部凹凸变形等实际结构拓扑形态。首先,利用3D激光扫描系统获取现场高精度空间结构数据,提出包含坐标系转换、节点对应和坐标值更新的轻量规则化预处理方法;其次,结合有限元模型单元构造方法,基于坐标更新后的点云节点生成计及初始几何缺陷的数值仿真模型,并开展模型精度分析;最后,以某在役拱顶储罐为例,基于3D激光扫描数据完成储罐变形分析,采用高精度有限元模型构造方法,构建罐壁全尺寸有限元模型,进而开展罐壁强度性能评价。结果表明:点云数据处理方法可实现计及储罐几何变形的有限元单元模型构建,单元节点空间位置精度达0.01 mm,点云数据量可缩减70%;相较于传统考虑初始几何变形的有限元仿真模型,计及储罐几何变形的有限元单元模型的结构安全评价结果更偏保守,储罐评价结论更偏于安全。

关键词: 点云数据, 储罐结构, 有限元, 安全评价, 圆筒结构

Abstract:

To improve the accuracy of structural safety evaluation results for hazardous chemical storage tanks, a finite element model construction process for storage tanks based on 3D laser scanning was proposed. This process utilized point cloud data to build a finite element simulation model that accurately reflected the actual structural topology of the tank, such as out-of-roundness and local concave-convex deformations, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the analytical model. First, high-precision spatial structural data from the field were acquired using a 3D laser scanning system. A lightweight regularization preprocessing method was proposed, including coordinate system transformation, node correspondence, and coordinate value updates. Next, combined with the finite element model unit construction method, the point cloud nodes with updated coordinates were used to generate a numerical simulation model that accounted for initial geometric defects, followed by an analysis of model accuracy. Finally, taking an in-service dome-roof tank as an example, deformation analysis of the storage tank was conducted based on 3D laser scanning data. A high-precision finite element model construction method was employed to build a full-scale finite element model of the tank wall, and an evaluation of the wall's strength performance was carried out. The results indicate that the point cloud data processing method proposed in this paper enables the construction of a finite element model that accounts for geometric deformation of storage tanks. The spatial position accuracy of the unit nodes can reach 0.01 mm, and the volume of the reduced point cloud data can be decreased by 70%. Compared to traditional finite element simulation models that consider initial geometric deformation, the structural safety evaluation data obtained from this model are more conservative, leading to safer assessment conclusions for storage tanks.

Key words: storage tank structure, point cloud data, finite element, safety assessment, cylindrical structures

中图分类号:

X959其他

都亮, 邢述, 王大朋, 张春义, 石秀山, 闫河. 空间点云数据在储罐结构有限元建模中的应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(9): 106-112.

DU Liang, XING Shu, WANG Dapeng, ZHANG Chunyi, SHI Xiushan, YAN He. Application of spatial point cloud data in finite element modeling of storage tanks[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(9): 106-112.

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位置	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	密度/(kg·m^-3)
罐体	201.0	0.3	7 850
地基	3.0	0.2	2 500

载荷种类	计算方法	载荷/ kPa	施加位置及方向
自重	重力加速度为9.8 m/s²,轻污油密度为1 180 kg/m,最高工作液位为6.2 m	71.70	整体坐标系Z向
储罐静液压	罐壁压力随罐壁高度变化	0~71.70	垂直于罐壁指向离心方向
风载荷	依据《建筑结构载荷规范》(简称GB 50009—2012)^[7],基于储罐所在地(张家港)基本风压计算	0.45	整体坐标系Y向
罐顶固定载荷	依据设计资料及GB 50009—2012^[17],取罐顶固定载荷为结构件及活动载荷之和	2.5	整体坐标系Z向

应力强度	计算值 (本文)	计算值 (不考虑结构变形)	许用值
S_Ⅰ	175.24	155.46	KS_m
S_Ⅲ	190.12	165.44	1.5KS_m
S_Ⅳ	336.99	299.18	3S_m

空间点云数据在储罐结构有限元建模中的应用

Application of spatial point cloud data in finite element modeling of storage tanks

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