基于FRAM-PLTS扫地机器人-取暖器火灾事故分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.12.0449

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对智能家电产品安全风险问题,以某地2起扫地机器人-取暖器火灾事故为研究对象,采用基于功能共振分析法(FRAM)和概率语言术语集(PLTS)的集成方法,开展系统性的风险分析。运用FRAM分析事故,得到包括导航模块、避障传感器模块、运动控制模块等在内的9大核心功能模块;通过引入PLTS量化确定功能模块输入端、输出端主要表型,确定扫地机器人-取暖器致灾系统中导致事故的4个功能共振模块。研究结果表明:传感器精度不足和用户未执行“人走断电”等是事故的主要原因;屏障体系包括物理屏障、功能屏障、无形屏障和象征屏障。

关键词: 扫地机器人, 取暖器, 功能共振分析法(FRAM), 概率语言术语集(PLTS), 火灾事故, 屏障体系

Abstract:

To address the safety risk issues of smart household appliance products, a systematic risk analysis was conducted by taking two sweeping robot-heater fire accidents in a certain location as the research subjects. An integrated method combining the FRAM and PLTS was adopted. FRAM was applied to analyze the accidents, through which nine core functional modules were identified, including navigation module, obstacle avoidance sensor module, and motion control module. Subsequently, PLTS was introduced to quantitatively determine the main characteristics of the input and output terminals of each functional module. Based on this quantitative analysis, four functional resonance modules that led to the accidents in the sweeping robot-heater were confirmed. The results show that the primary causes of the accidents include insufficient sensor accuracy and failure of users to implement the "power-off when leaving" operation. Additionally, the barrier system for risk prevention and control is identified, which consists of physical barriers, functional barriers, intangible barriers, and symbolic barriers.

Key words: sweeping robots, heaters, functional resonance analysis method (FRAM), probabilistic linguistic term set (PLTS), fire accident, barrier system

中图分类号:

X928.7火灾与爆炸事故

黄国忠, 左志勇, 邓青, 陈寒熙格, 曹正凯. 基于FRAM-PLTS扫地机器人-取暖器火灾事故分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(12): 180-186.

HUANG Guozhong, ZUO Zhiyong, DENG Qing, CHEN Hanxige, CAO Zhengkai. Fire accident analysis of sweeping robot-heater based on FRAM-PLTS[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(12): 180-186.

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来源	简称	功能模块编号	描述
扫地机器人	导航模块	FM1	负责根据传感器数据规划移动路径
	避障传感器模块	FM2	依赖红外、激光或视觉传感器检测障碍物
	运动控制模块	FM3	控制扫地机器人转向和动力输出
	扫地机器人电源模块	FM4	扫地机器人的电源管理模块
取暖器	加热控制模块	FM5	调节温度输出
取暖器	取暖器电源模块	FM6	取暖器的电源管理模块
用户行为	用户响应功能	FM7	用户未在出现险情第一时间响应
	设备监管功能	FM8	用户未遵守“人走断电”原则
	设备维护功能	FM9	未定期检查扫地机器人、取暖器

要素	描述	解释
I	险情信号	传感器检测到异常传递给用户,或者险情本身被用户直接发现
O	险情响应断电	用户通过APP远程断电或手动关闭设备,切断电源避免事故
R	感知设备;用户身体机能	设备:传感器、智能终端;机能:视觉/听觉感知、手部操作能力
C	响应优先级	用户接收到不同险情信号后,响应的顺序
P	险情可以被感知;用户处于“可响应状态”	信号未被屏蔽;用户清醒且无行动障碍
T	响应时间窗口	从险情信号输入到用户响应的时间窗口

专家	工作经验	专业相关度	信心指数	教育背景	总分	权重
Z₁	9	9	9	9	36	36/98
Z₂	7	8	8	9	32	32/98
Z₃	8	7	7	8	30	30/98

功能模块编号	F	D	A	Q	主要表型
FM1	0.739	0.244	0.787	0.561	A
FM2	0.752	0.373	0.809	0.329	A
FM4	0.074	0.876	0.256	0.454	D
FM6	0.106	0.859	0.262	0.439	D
FM7	0.101	0.738	0.385	0.443	D
FM8	0.234	0.615	0.454	0.731	Q
FM9	0.357	0.632	0.451	0.242	D

功能模块编号	I	R	C	T	P	主要表型
FM1	0.817	0.761	0.745	0.278	0.347	I
FM2	0.443	0.798	0.732	0.249	0.307	R
FM3	0.673	0.781	0.711	0.306	0.352	R
FM4	0.210	0.370	0.828	0.754	0.436	C
FM5	0.640	0.637	0.516	0.742	0.197	T
FM6	0.114	0.185	0.803	0.740	0.312	C