地下变电站火灾风险分析与应对措施

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.S1.0009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为防止城市地下变电站的火灾事故,首先,归纳地下变电站不同于地面变电站的特殊性,分析逃生困难、进出通道少、无自然采光、烟气排出难、水位线以下、通信信号差、消防通道不畅等方面风险,并探讨各类风险的主要表现;然后,根据现行消防法律法规、标准规范及导则指南,从消防责任人、消防管理人、维保单位3个方向分析消防安全管理类火灾风险,从防火分区、防火措施、火灾自动报警系统、自动灭火系统等方向分析消防安全设施类火灾风险;最后,探讨提升安全管理能力、建筑防火能力、消防安全设施、火灾救援能力等几方面的应对措施。结果表明:采取相应措施能够防止地下变电站火灾事故,火灾风险能够得到控制。火灾风险防控的预防与准备、监测与预警、应急处置与救援等各阶段的专业发展提升方向是持续实现从人防、技防向智防转化。

关键词: 地下变电站, 火灾风险, 应对措施, 消防系统, 消防安全

Abstract:

The surge of urban underground substations has brought new challenges to public fire safety. The paper first summarized the key distinctions of underground substations compared with above-ground substations, analyzing risks including evacuation difficulties, limited access routes, lack of natural lighting, difficulty in smoke ventilation, location below the water level, poor communication signals, and obstructed fire passages, along with the main manifestations of these risks. Next, according to the current fire protection laws, regulations, standards, specifications, and guidelines, the paper analyzed fire risks related to fire safety management from three perspectives: the person responsible for fire safety, the fire safety manager, and the maintenance service provider. Fire risks related to fire safety facilities were analyzed from the aspects of fire zoning, fire prevention measures, automatic fire alarm systems, and automatic fire extinguishing systems. Finally, the paper proposed measures to enhance safety management capabilities, building fire resistance, fire safety facilities, fire rescue capabilities, and other factors. The results indicate that fire accidents in underground substations can be prevented and fire risks can be brought under control. The professional development of fire risk prevention and control across stages such as prevention and preparations, emergency monitoring and early warning, and emergency response and rescue is moving steadily from human-based and technology-based prevention to intelligent prevention systems.

Key words: underground substation, fire risk, response measure, fire extinguishing system, fire safety

中图分类号:

钱家庆. 地下变电站火灾风险分析与应对措施[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S1): 52-58.

QIAN Jiaqing. Fire risk assessment and response measures for underground substations[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(S1): 52-58.

图/表 1

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