中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (S2): 111-117.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.S2.0126

• 安全工程技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

磷酸铁锂电池储能系统典型消防案例

李凌坤1,2(), 陈换军1,2, 刘辉1,2,**(), 张玉魁1,2, 李尧1,2, 陈彦桥1,2   

  1. 1 国家能源集团新能源技术研究院有限公司, 北京 102209
    2 发电系统功能材料北京市重点实验室, 北京 102209
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-20 修回日期:2022-10-29 出版日期:2022-12-30 发布日期:2023-06-30
  • 通讯作者: ** 刘辉(1987—),男,河北唐山人,博士,高级工程师,主要从事新能源技术、储能技术和虚拟电厂等方面的工作。E-mail:16810125@ceic.com。
  • 作者简介:
    李凌坤 (1977—),男,山东潍坊人,硕士,工程师,主要从事新能源技术、储能技术等方面的工作。E-mail:
  • 基金资助:
    国家能源集团重点科技项目(2020E1ES00100); 国家能源集团重点科技项目(2021E2ES00100); 国家能源集团重点科技项目(GJNY-22-113)

Typical fire protection case of lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system

LI Lingkun1,2(), CHEN Huanjun1,2, LIU Hui1,2,**(), ZHANG Yukui1,2, LI Yao1,2, CHEN Yanqiao1,2   

  1. 1 CHN Energy New Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
    2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Power Generation System Functional Material, Beijing 102209, China
  • Received:2022-08-20 Revised:2022-10-29 Online:2022-12-30 Published:2023-06-30

摘要:

为解决磷酸铁锂电池热失控导致的储能系统火灾安全问题,分析几种常见灭火剂的灭火机制和性能特点,探索实践更为有效的灭火方法。首先,总结磷酸铁锂电池的热失控过程及燃烧特点;然后,分析七氟丙烷、气液复合灭火剂、全氟己酮、气溶胶和细水雾等灭火剂的灭火机制,以及对磷酸铁锂电池火灾事故的灭火和抑制复燃效果;最后,基于实际工作中的预制舱式磷酸铁锂电池储能系统典型消防系统案例,介绍其系统组成和控制逻辑。结果表明:磷酸铁锂电池火灾为A、B、C类综合性火灾;七氟丙烷、气液复合灭火剂、全氟己酮、气溶胶和细水雾等灭火剂在灭火效果、降温效果、抑制复燃以及技术成熟性方面各有优缺点,但任何一种灭火剂均无法同时起到扑灭明火和抑制电池复燃的作用;采用全氟己酮和水消防相结合的灭火方法更有效。

关键词: 磷酸铁锂电池, 储能系统, 消防系统, 热失控, 灭火剂

Abstract:

In order to solve the fire safety issue of energy storage system caused by thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate battery, the fire extinguishing mechanism and performance characteristics of several common extinguishants were studied, and a more effective fire extinguishing method was explored and practiced. Firstly, the thermal runaway process and combustion characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery were summarized. Then, the fire extinguishing mechanisms of extinguishants such as heptafluoropropane, gas-liquid composite extinguishant, perfluorohexone, aerosol and water mist, as well as the effects of fire extinguishing and reignition suppression on the fire accidents of lithium iron phosphate battery were analyzed. Finally, based on the typical fire fighting system case of prefabricated cabin type lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system in actual work, the system composition and control logic were introduced. The results show that the fire of lithium iron phosphate battery is a comprehensive fire of category A, B and C. Heptafluoropropane, gas-liquid composite extinguishant, perfluorohexanone, aerosol and water mist have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of fire extinguishing effect including cooling effect, inhibition of reignition and technological maturity, but none of them can simultaneously extinguish open fire and inhibit battery reignition. It is more effective to use the fire extinguishing method of combining perfluorohexone and water.

Key words: lithium iron phosphate battery, energy storage system, fire fighting system, thermal runaway, extinguishant