中国安全科学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 179-185.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.0201

• 公共安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

城市建筑物消防安全评估

周恩毅1(), 谭露2,**(), 胡金荣2   

  1. 1 西安建筑科技大学 马克思主义学院,陕西 西安 710055
    2 西安建筑科技大学 公共管理学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-22 修回日期:2023-12-25 出版日期:2024-03-28
  • 通讯作者:
    ** 谭露(1999—),女,四川广安人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为行政管理、社会治理。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    周恩毅 (1963—),男,山东文登人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事公共安全与社会治理相关研究。E-mail:

    胡金荣,副教授。

  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究基金(20XJA630004); 陕西省社科界重大理论与现实问题研究项目(2019C089); 陕西省大学生创新创业训练计划省级项目(S20220701103)

Fire safety assessment of urban buildings

ZHOU Enyi1(), TAN Lu2,**(), HU Jinrong2   

  1. 1 School of Marxism, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710055, China
    2 School of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710055, China
  • Received:2023-09-22 Revised:2023-12-25 Published:2024-03-28

摘要:

为降低城市建筑物消防安全风险,提高建筑单体抵御火灾事故的能力,从建筑消防设计、建筑消防设施和消防安全管理3方面综合识别消防安全影响因素,构建城市建筑物消防安全评估指标体系;采用信息熵和结构熵组合权重-逼近理想解法(TOPSIS)模型综合评估城市各类建筑及各区域的消防安全风险,并以我国西部X市5大区域262个建筑物加以验证;最后得到消防安全指数和综合排序,进而明晰城市建筑物消防现存的薄弱点。结果表明:消防安全综合评估排序为商业综合体>中小学>文物古建筑>高层建筑,城中>城北>城东>城西>城南,需重点关注高层建筑和城市边缘区县的消防安全风险;用该模型得到的评估结果与现状概况相符。

关键词: 城市建筑物, 消防安全评估, 组合权重, 逼近理想解法(TOPSIS), 指标体系

Abstract:

In order to reduce the fire safety risk of urban buildings and improve the ability of building units to resist fire accidents, the influencing factors of fire safety were identified from three aspects: building fire protection design, building fire protection facilities and fire safety management, and the assessment index system of fire safety of urban buildings was constructed. A combined weighting-TOPSIS model of structural entropy and information entropy was applied to assess the fire safety risk of each district and each type of building in the cities. The model was validated with 262 buildings in 5 major areas of X city in western China. Finally, fire safety index and comprehensive ranking were obtained, and then the existing weak points of urban buildings fire protection were clarified. The results indicate that comprehensive evaluation order of fire safety is commercial complexes > primary and secondary schools > heritage buildings > high-rise buildings, city center > north of the city > east of the city > west of the city > south of the city. The fire safety risk of urban fringe counties and high-rises need to be paid attention to. The assessment results calculated with this model are consistent with the current situation.

Key words: urban buildings, fire safety evaluation, combination weight, technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), index system

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