柴油罐车泄漏火灾危害特性与突变时刻研究*

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.03.1528

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 194-202.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.03.1528

柴油罐车泄漏火灾危害特性与突变时刻研究^*

王继贇¹^,²^,³(), 王子超¹^,²^,³, 宗若雯⁴, 刘晅亚¹^,²^,³^,^**()

¹ 应急管理部天津消防研究所, 天津 300381
² 工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室, 天津 300381
³ 天津市消防安全技术重点实验室, 天津 300381
⁴ 中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室, 安徽合肥 230026

收稿日期:2025-09-01 修回日期:2025-12-13 出版日期:2026-03-31
通信作者:
^** 刘晅亚(1976—),男,河南平顶山人,博士,研究员,主要从事石油化工火灾与爆炸防治技术及数值模拟技术方面的研究。E-mail: liuxuanya@tfri.com.cn。
作者简介:
王继贇 (1996—),男,山东菏泽人,工学博士,助理研究员,主要从事油罐火灾动力学演化规律及防治技术研究。E-mail: wangjiyun@tfri.com.cn。
宗若雯,副教授。
基金资助:
应急管理部天津消防研究所青年科技人才创新基金资助(2024SJCXJJ02); 天津市科技计划项目(21JCZDJC00810)

Study on hazard characteristics and onset time of hazard escalation of leakage fires in diesel road tankers

WANG Jiyun¹^,²^,³(), WANG Zichao¹^,²^,³, ZONG Ruowen⁴, LIU Xuanya¹^,²^,³^,^**()

¹ Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China
² Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China
³ Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China

Received:2025-09-01 Revised:2025-12-13 Published:2026-03-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为防治柴油罐车泄漏燃烧耦合条件下的火灾危害,首先,采用容积5 L的油罐填充1.65 L的0号柴油开展小尺度试验,柴油从油罐底部泄漏并燃烧,分析柴油温度、油罐压力、热辐射强度和火焰形态演化特性;然后,对油罐受热过程开展数值模拟。结果表明:一旦泄漏柴油温度达到227.8 ℃,柴油泄漏至外部环境便会沸腾燃烧,导致火灾危害突变,即油罐压力骤增、池火热辐射强度和火焰尺寸突然变大;突变时刻随填充率增加而呈现指数式增长,填充率由33%增加至80%,不同热边界条件下的突变时刻平均扩大2.32倍;火焰偏移油罐降低油罐受热功率,导致柴油温升速率降低和突变时刻增加,且突变时刻的增长率随着火焰偏移程度的增加而增加;突变时刻的增加将提供更多的可用安全疏散时间(ASET),因此,ASET随着填充率和火焰偏移程度的增加而增加。

关键词: 柴油罐车, 泄漏火灾, 数值模拟, 火灾危害突变, 柴油温度

Abstract:

In order to prevent and control the fire hazard of a road tanker coupling with diesel leaking and burning, small-scale experiments were first conducted using a 5 L tank filled with 1.65 L of 0# diesel fuel. The diesel was released from the tank bottom and burned, and the temporal evolution of the fuel temperature, tank pressure, thermal radiation, and flame morphology was investigated. Subsequently, numerical simulations of tank thermal exposure were conducted. The results show that once the temperature of leaking diesel reaches 227.8 ℃, the diesel fuel leaking to the external environment will boil and burn. This leads to a sudden escalation of fire hazard, i.e., a sudden increase in the tank pressure, the thermal radiation and flame size. The onset time of hazard escalation increases exponentially with filling level. When the filling level rises from 33% to 80%, the onset time increases by an average factor of 2.32 across different thermal boundary conditions. Flame offset relative to the tank reduces the thermal load on the tank, thereby lowering the diesel temperature-rise rate and increasing the onset time. Moreover, the rising rate of the onset time grows with the flame offset degree. The increase in the onset time provides more available safe egress time (ASET). Thus, ASET increases as both the filling level and the flame offset degree increase.

Key words: diesel road tanker, leakage fires, numerical simulation, sudden fire hazard escalation, diesel temperature

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

王继贇, 王子超, 宗若雯, 刘晅亚. 柴油罐车泄漏火灾危害特性与突变时刻研究^*[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(3): 194-202.

WANG Jiyun, WANG Zichao, ZONG Ruowen, LIU Xuanya. Study on hazard characteristics and onset time of hazard escalation of leakage fires in diesel road tankers[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(3): 194-202.

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

参考文献 18

[1]	朱毅, 夏登友. 面向终端决策需求的化工储罐火灾态势感知模型构建[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(5):69-74. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1090
	ZHU Yi, XIA Dengyou. Development of chemical storage tank fire situation awareness model for terminal decision-making requirement[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(5): 69-74. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1090
[2]	姜子建, 周荣义, 石云霄, 等. 基于贝叶斯网络的危化品爆炸事故隐患关联与溯源分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(6): 173-180. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1848
	JIANG Zijian, ZHOU Rongyi, SHI Yunxiao, et al. Correlation and traceability analysis of hazardous chemical explosion accidents based on Bayesian network[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(6): 173-180. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1848
[3]	安徽省应急管理厅. 安徽省应急管理厅关于S102线阜阳市颍上县境内“2018.6.28”较大道路交通安全事故处理批复意见的通知[R/OL]. (2019-04-10). https://yjt.ah.gov.cn/public/9377745/137997746.html.
[4]	成都发生油罐车侧翻事故导致一死一伤[OL]. (2022-07-26). http://www.aqsc.cn/news/202207/26/c159444.html.
[5]	BIRK A M, CUNNINGHAM M H. Liquid temperature stratification and its effect on BLEVEs and their hazards[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 1996, 48: 219-237. doi: 10.1016/0304-3894(95)00157-3
[6]	WANG Mingyan, WANG Jiyun, YU Xiaoyang, et al. Experimental and numerical study of the thermal response of a diesel fuel tank exposed to fire impingement[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 227:DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120334.
[7]	刘健, 姚箭, 宋述忠, 等. 柴油的烤燃燃爆性能实验[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(3): 534-540.
	LIU Jian, YAO Jian, SONG Shuzhong, et al. Experimental study on cook-off performance of diesel fuel[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2108, 38(3): 534-540.
[8]	朱渊, 张肖锦, 师吉浩, 等. LNG罐车泄漏火灾罐体超压失效预警及防控[J]. 天然气工业, 2016, 36(8): 138-144.
	ZHU Yuan, ZHANG Xiaojin, SHI Jihao, et al. Failure warning, prevention and control of LNG road tanker trucks: a cycle motivation of "leakage-fire-overload on the tank" in accidents[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2016, 36(8): 138-144.
[9]	项莉, 谢启源, 张杰, 等. LNG槽罐车泄漏-燃烧耦合演化特性分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(1): 81-86. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.01.013
	XIANG Li, XIE Qiyuan, ZHANG Jie, et al. Characteristics analysis on leakage-burning coupling of LNG tanker[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(1): 81-86. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.01.013
[10]	WANG Jiyun, WANG Mingyan, YU Xiaoyang, et al. Experimental and numerical study of the fire behavior of a tank with oil leaking and burning[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2022, 159:1 203-1 214. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2022.01.047
[11]	WANG Jiyun, CHEN Xiao, LI Yuanzhou, et al. Effects of filling level and tray size on the burning behavior of a tank during burning of leaking contents: an integrated experimental and numerical approach[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2022, 168: 513-525. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2022.10.018
[12]	王继贇. 典型易燃液体常压储罐泄漏火灾演化特性研究[D]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2023.
	WANG Jiyun. Investigation on evolution characteristics of leakage fires of atmospheric pressure tanks containing typical flammable liquids[D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023.
[13]	SCARPONI G E, LANDUCCI G, BIRK A M, et al. Three dimensional CFD simulation of LPG tanks exposed to partially engulfing pool fires[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2021, 150: 385-399. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2021.04.026
[14]	任婧杰. 热环境下液化气体储罐热质耦合响应机制研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2014.
	REN Jingjie. Research on heat-mass coupling response mechanism of liquefied gas tanks under thermal environments[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2014.
[15]	SCARPONI G E, LANDUCCI G, BIRK A M, et al. LPG vessels exposed to fire: scale effects on pressure build-up[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2018, 56: 342-358. doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2018.09.015
[16]	SCARPONI G E, COZZANI V, ANTONIONI G, et al. Modeling the behavior of LPG tanks exposed to partially engulfing pool fires[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2024,182:1 072-1 085.
[17]	SCARPONI G E, LANDUCCI G, BIRK A M, et al. An innovative three-dimensional approach for the simulation of pressure vessels exposed to fire[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2019, 61: 160-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2019.06.008
[18]	IANNACCONE T, SCARPONI G E, LANDUCCI G, et al. Numerical simulation of LNG tanks exposed to fire[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2021, 149: 735-749. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2021.03.027

试验序号	突变时刻/s	突变温度/℃
第1组	391	227.8
第2组	398	230.4
第3组	395	229.2

柴油罐车泄漏火灾危害特性与突变时刻研究^*

Study on hazard characteristics and onset time of hazard escalation of leakage fires in diesel road tankers

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 11

参考文献 18

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	安学旭, 胡志平, 王振林, 田安安, 张永辉. 加卸荷条件下闪长岩细观响应机制^*[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(3): 221-228.
[2]	金晨晨, 丁勇, 李登华. 基于感渗结构的土工膜等效渗流孔径判别方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(2): 145-152.
[3]	孙伟, 孟姝池, 丁永红, 史安忠. 拉力分散型锚杆支护剪应力分布特征对比研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S2): 103-109.
[4]	郭维强, 兰天伟, 路凯翔, 李柱, 姚新宇, 冯伟. 厚煤层覆岩破坏规律及突水致灾机制分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S2): 110-117.
[5]	杜文秀, 闫路. 露天采场边坡稳定性研究:以巴润矿为例[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S2): 196-202.
[6]	李磊, 吴迪, 杨官鼎. 废石胶结充填料浆流特性和管道输送研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S2): 29-35.
[7]	吕计瑞, 崔明, 蔡清池, 赵原野, 李庆文. 土压盾构施工顺序和土仓压力对铁路路基的沉降影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S2): 58-65.
[8]	温经林, 尹永明, 于正兴, 王一帆, 卢新爱. 不同工况下矿区边坡受力变形及破坏特征研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S2): 66-72.
[9]	张禹, 赵蒙, 王飞宇, 王瑞鑫. 哈尔乌素露天煤矿采场风流分布特征研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(S1): 130-136.
[10]	曹卫平, 肖涵楠, 罗龙平, 吕品, 赵敏. 双排斜直桩基坑支护工作机制及稳定性分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(6): 60-69.
[11]	栾婷婷, 黄俊, 杨国梁, 任常兴, 吕鹏飞. 混合气体爆炸极限和爆炸压力影响因素研究进展[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(6): 79-87.
[12]	吴飞阳, 陈东梁, 尹彩虹, 吕庭玮, 沙彦杉, 陈士. 基于Fluent的储罐沸溢过程介质转化特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(4): 158-164.
[13]	薛希龙, 李佳乐, 武拴军, 张晓, 刘斌, 张钦礼. 下向进路采场内炮烟的扩散特征及通风参数确定[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(4): 76-84.
[14]	张嘉勇, 吕祖欣, 崔啸, 郭立稳, 武建国, 付京斌. 正断层影响下采空区注CO₂防灭火数值模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(4): 9-17.
[15]	李聪, 何泽群, 杨高豪, 许文博, 王悦朋. 灭火弹爆炸过程及灭火剂抛洒特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(3): 107-114.