寒区加油加气站消防救援可达性动态评估

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.06.1356

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为科学评估寒区加油加气站消防救援可达性,构建同时考虑拥堵和冰雪路况的可达性动态评估模型,并以沈阳市76座消防救援站与514个加油加气站为例开展实证研究。分析结果表明:仅考虑拥堵路况时,总体可达率为14.71%;叠加轻、中、次重度冰雪路况后,总体可达率分别降至11.95%、9.58%和6.70%;且无论何种路况,偏远地区的总体可达率均明显低于中心城区。上述结果揭示出拥堵与冰雪路况通过降低通行效率显著影响消防救援可达性,同时也反映出消防站点集中于主城区、偏远地区覆盖不足的布局失衡问题。

关键词: 加油加气站, 消防救援, 可达性, 动态评估, 拥堵路况, 冰雪路况

Abstract:

To scientifically assess the fire rescue accessibility of fuel stations in cold regions, a dynamic accessibility assessment model incorporating both traffic congestion and icy-snowy road conditions was developed, and an empirical study was conducted using 76 fire rescue stations and 514 fuel stations in Shenyang. The results showed that the overall accessibility rate is 14.71% when only traffic congestion is considered, and decreases to 11.95%, 9.58%, and 6.70% when light, moderate, and sub-severe icy-snowy road conditions were superimposed, respectively. Regardless of road conditions, the overall accessibility rate in remote areas is significantly lower than that in central urban areas. The above findings reveal that traffic congestion and icy-snowy road conditions significantly affect fire rescue accessibility by reducing road traffic efficiency, while a spatial imbalance in fire station distribution is also reflected, with stations concentrated in the central urban area and coverage in remote areas remaining insufficient.

Key words: fuel stations, fire rescue, accessibility, dynamic assessment, traffic congestion, icy-snowy road conditions

中图分类号:

X928.7火灾与爆炸事故

黄遥, 余嘉仪, 刘顶立, 熊柳源, 刘富斌, 唐加福. 寒区加油加气站消防救援可达性动态评估[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(6): 246-253.

Huang Yao, Yu Jiayi, Liu Dingli, Xiong Liuyuan, Liu Fubin, Tang Jiafu. Dynamic assessment of fire rescue accessibility to fuel stations in cold regions[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(6): 246-253.

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等级	响应时间/s	行程时间/s	区间描述
Ⅰ	[60,300]	[0,240]	高可达
Ⅱ	(300,480]	(240,420]	中可达
Ⅲ	(480,660]	(420,600]	低可达
Ⅳ	(660, +∞)	(600, +∞)	不可达

等级	A_o/%	等级描述
优	[90.00, 100.00]	消防救援覆盖率高,站点应对火灾风险能力强
良	[60.00, 90.00)	消防救援覆盖率较高,站点应对火灾风险能力较强
中	[10.00, 60.00)	消防救援覆盖率一般,站点应对火灾风险能力一般
差	[0.00, 10.00)	消防救援覆盖率低,站点应对火灾风险能力差

路况	冰雪系数α	路况特征	行车速度
R₀	1	无降雨、雪、结冰	无变化
S₁	0.90	小雪,雪花稀疏,路面易结少量薄冰	略微减缓
S₂	0.80	中雪,能见度降低,路面出现松软积雪层	减缓
S₃	0.60	大雪,能见度严重下降,积雪压实/形成厚冰层显著减缓	显著减缓