建筑结构安全分析方法与评估技术综述

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.09.2621

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建筑结构安全涉及人民群众的日常生活和生产活动,关乎社会稳定和经济发展。为对建筑结构安全分析评估领域的技术和行业发展提供建议和参考,通过文献资料调研并汇总专家意见的方式,总结分析相关研究领域的技术发展态势和软件应用。结果表明:建筑结构安全分析技术在理论方法、仿真、试验测试方面已经有了一定程度的发展,但还不能很好地满足风险评估与应急管理的需求;从行业发展趋势来看,尚缺乏统一的、通用的、智能的安全分析评估系统平台。我国目前在该领域的研究起步较晚,在相关技术和软件产业方面落后于国外,需要综合科研、企业、政策等多个方面进行技术突破。

关键词: 建筑结构, 安全分析方法, 结构分析, 风险评估, 结构破坏

Abstract:

In order to provide suggestions and references for technology and industry development in the field of building structure safety analysis and assessment, technology development trend and software application in the relevant fields were summarized by using literature research and gathering expert opinions, considering that building structure safety is related to daily life and production activities of the general public. The results show that although safety analysis technology in this field has been developed to a certain extent in theoretical methods, simulations and experiments, it is not yet well enough to meet the needs of risk assessment and emergency management. In terms of industry development trend, there is still a lack of a unified, universal and intelligent safety analysis and evaluation system platform. At present, the research in this field starts relatively late in China and lags behind foreign countries in related technology and software industry, which calls for integration in scientific research, enterprises and policies for technological breakthroughs.

Key words: building structure, safety analysis method, structural analysis, risk assessment, structural damage

孙树立, 韩旭东, 陈璞. 建筑结构安全分析方法与评估技术综述[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(9): 37-48.

SUN Shuli, HAN Xudong, CHEN Pu. Review on safety analysis methods and evaluation techniques of building structures[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(9): 37-48.

图/表 4

表1

表2

数值计算分析类软件介绍

软件	国家	功能特点
ABAQUS	法国	可分析复杂的固体力学与结构力学问题,能够求解分析大规模和高度非线性的系统,是目前国内外力学领域应用最多的计算软件之一
ANSYS	美国	被广泛应用于力学及多物理场分析领域,支持静力学和动力学的问题求解,进入中国市场较早,在国内具有更广泛的关注
MSC.MARC	美国	一款高级的有限元分析软件,适用于各种复杂的结构,支持线性和非线性的问题求解
LS-DYNA	美国	国际上非常著名且广泛应用的有限元分析软件,具备显式动力学分析功能,在民用和军事领域都有良好的性能表现
SAP2000	美国	适用于对常见结构进行快速高效的力学分析,在静力学、线性问题分析方面计算性能优异
ETABS	美国	全球公认的建筑结构分析设计软件,被誉为是相关领域的业界标准,通过有限元模型与标准规范接口技术进行分析与设计
MIDAS	韩国	包含建筑、桥梁、岩土、仿真4个分析模块,对线性、非线性问题的分析功能较为强大,对初学者的学习使用非常友好
RFEM/RSTAB	德国	前者是三维空间结构有限元分析软件系统,后者是一款专业的空间杆件结构计算工具
SeismoBuild	意大利	一款专用于地震评估和RC结构加固的有限元软件包,支持多个国家的代码规范
PKPM	中国	中国建筑科学研究院建筑工程软件研究所自主研发的工程系列软件,也是目前国内应用最为普遍的CAD系统
PKPM-JCPD	中国	北京构力科技有限公司自主研发的建筑检测与评定软件,以软件PKPM为基础,主要面向建筑安全检测、咨询、评定等需求
YJK	中国	北京盈建科软件股份有限公司自主研发的建筑结构分析设计软件,在求解规模和计算效率上都有一定的优势
广厦建筑结构CAD	中国	深圳市广厦软件有限公司自主研发的建模与分析设计系列软件,主要面向工业和民用的中高层建筑,适用范围广,实用性强
SAUSG-Dog	中国	可针对结构的抗震性能进行快速分析,在处理大规模、非线性问题时有较好的表现

表2

图1

表3

参考文献 47

[1]	刘帅. RC框架结构抗连续性倒塌的ABAQUS仿真分析[D]. 石家庄: 石家庄铁道大学, 2013.
	LIU Shuai. The ABAQUS analysis of the RC frame structure for anti-progressive collapse[D]. Shijiazhuang: Shijiazhuang Railway University, 2013.
[2]	陆新征, 江见鲸. 世界贸易中心飞机撞击后倒塌过程的仿真分析[J]. 土木工程学报, 2001, 34(6):8-10.
	LU Xinzheng, JIANG Jianjing. Dynamic finite element simulation for the collapse of World Trade Center[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2001, 34(6):8-10.
[3]	颜敬, 曾亚武, 罗荣, 等. 建筑结构倒塌破坏的数值模拟方法综述[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2013, 33(4):408-414.
	YAN Jing, ZENG Yawu, LUO Rong, et al. Reviews of numerical simulations on building structure collapse[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2013, 33(4):408-414.
[4]	曲激婷, 宋全宝. 建筑结构连续倒塌破坏分析的数值模拟研究方法综述[J]. 沈阳大学学报:自然科学版, 2018, 30(2):142-150.
	QU Jiting, SONG Quanbao. A review on numerical simulation methods for progressive collapse analysis of building structures[J]. Journal of Shenyang University: Natural Science, 2018, 30(2):142-150.
[5]	STYLIANIDIS P M, NETHERCOT D A, IZZUDDIN B A, et al. Study of the mechanics of progressive collapse with simplified beam models[J]. Engineering Structures, 2016, 117:287-304. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.056
[6]	IZZUDDIN B A, VLASSIS A G, ELGHAZOULI A Y, et al. Progressive collapse of multistory buildings due to sudden column loss: part I: simplified assessment framework[J]. Engineering Structures, 2008, 30(5):1308-1318. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.07.011
[7]	朱江, 李帼昌, 马传正. 屈曲约束支撑-钢筋混凝土框架结构的设计与分析[J]. 建筑结构, 2012, 42(12):54-58,93.
	ZHU Jiang, LI Guochang, MA Chuanzheng. Analysis and design on buckling restrained braces-reinforced concrete frame structures[J]. Building Structure, 2012, 42(12):54-58,93.
[8]	OZKUL T A, KURTBEYOGLU A, BOREKCI M, et al. Effect of shear wall on seismic performance of RC frame buildings[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2019, 100:60-75. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.02.032
[9]	YANKELEVSKY D Z, KARINSKI Y S, FELDGUN V R. Dynamic punching shear failure of a RC flat slab-column connection under a collapsing slab impact[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2020, 135:DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.103401. doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.103401
[10]	MENG Bao, ZHONG Weihui, HAO Jiping, et al. Calculation of the resistance of an unequal span steel substructure against progressive collapse based on the component method[J]. Engineering Structures, 2019, 182:13-28. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.053
[11]	HESHMATI M, AGHAKOUCHAK A A. Collapse analysis of regular and irregular tall steel moment frames under fire loading[J]. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 2020, 29(3): DOI: 10.1002/tal.1696. doi: 10.1002/tal.1696
[12]	马东辉, 王雷明, 王威. 建筑结构地震倒塌过程模拟与瓦砾堆积分布研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2016, 26(7):29-34.
	MA Donghui, WANG Leiming, WANG Wei. Simulation of seismic collapse process of building structure and study on distribution of debris accumulation[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2016, 26(7):29-34.
[13]	杜东宁, 张向东, 崔铁军. 火灾引发超高层建筑非连续倒塌模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2015, 25(2):53-59.
	DU Dongning, ZHANG Xiangdong, CUI Tiejun. Research on fire-induced discontinuity collapse of high-rise building[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2015, 25(2):53-59.
[14]	丁阳, 汪明, 李忠献. 爆炸荷载作用下钢框架结构连续倒塌分析[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2012, 33(2):78-84.
	DING Yang, WANG Ming, LI Zhongxian. Numerical analysis on damage and collapse process of steel frame structures under blast loads[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2012, 33(2):78-84.
[15]	郝红红. 底部爆炸作用下钢框架的连续倒塌分析[D]. 石家庄: 河北科技大学, 2018.
	HAO Honghong. Analysis of progressive collapse of steel frames under explosive loading at the bottom[D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei University of Science and Technology, 2018.
[16]	程若桐. 洪水波流耦合荷载作用下村镇建筑破坏机理研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2017.
	CHENG Ruotong. Study on failure mechanism of rural buildings due to wave and current coupled loading of flood[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2017.
[17]	崔铁军, 李莎莎, 王来贵, 等. 复杂结构高层建筑火灾坍塌过程研究[J]. 计算力学学报, 2018, 35(5):656-662.
	CUI Tiejun, LI Shasha, WANG Laigui, et al. Study on the collapse process of the complex structure of the high-rise building under fire[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, 2018, 35(5):656-662.
[18]	AZIM I, YANG J, BHATTA S, et al. Factors influencing the progressive collapse resistance of RC frame structures[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2020, 27: DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100986. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100986
[19]	FENG Decheng, XIE Sicong, XU Jun, et al. Robustness quantification of reinforced concrete structures subjected to progressive collapse via the probability density evolution method[J]. Engineering Structures, 2020, 202: DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019. 109877. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2019. 109877
[20]	HEGDE J, ROKSETH B. Applications of machine learning methods for engineering risk assessment: a review[J]. Safety Science, 2019, 122:1-16.
[21]	ADAM J M, PARISI F, SAGASETA J, et al. Research and practice on progressive collapse and robustness of building structures in the 21^st century[J]. Engineering Structures, 2018, 173:122-149. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.082
[22]	KELLIHER D, SUTTON-SWABY K. Stochastic representation of blast load damage in a reinforced concrete building[J]. Structural Safety, 2012, 34(1):407-417. doi: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2011.08.001
[23]	LI Yi, LU Xinzheng, GUAN Hong, et al. Probability-based progressive collapse-resistant assessment for reinforced concrete frame structures[J]. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2016, 19(11):1723-1735. doi: 10.1177/1369433216649385
[24]	PARK J, KIM J. Fragility analysis of steel moment frames with various seismic connections subjected to sudden loss of a column[J]. Engineering Structures, 2010, 32(6):1547-1555. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.02.003
[25]	韩旭东, 孙树立. 突发灾害下建筑结构破坏分析的子区域降阶模型[J]. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2022, 58(4): 591-596.
	HAN Xudong, SUN Shuli. A reduced-order sub-region model for structural failure analysis under sudden disasters[J]. Journal of Peking University: Natural Science Edition, 2022, 58(4): 591-596.
[26]	PENG Yongbo, ZHOU Tong, LI Jie. Surrogate modeling immersed probability density evolution method for structural reliability analysis in high dimensions[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2020, 152(5):1-23.
[27]	ZHOU Tong, PENG Yongbo. Structural reliability analysis via dimension reduction, adaptive sampling, and Monte Carlo simulation[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2020, 62(5):2629-2651. doi: 10.1007/s00158-020-02633-0
[28]	彭勇波, 陈建兵, 刘伟庆, 等. 隔震结构的随机地震反应与抗震可靠度评价[J]. 同济大学学报:自然科学版, 2008, 36(11):1457-1461.
	PENG Yongbo, CHEN Jianbing, LIU Weiqing, et al. Stochastic seismic response and aseismic reliability assessment of base-isolated structures[J]. Journal of Tongji University: Natural Science, 2008, 36(11):1457-1461.
[29]	刘小璐, 苏成. 大跨度桥梁地震易损性分析的时域显式法[J]. 振动工程学报, 2020, 33(4):815-823.
	LIU Xiaolu, SU Cheng. Seismic fragility analysis of long-span bridges based on explicit time-domain method[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2020, 33(4):815-823.
[30]	YONG H K, KRAUTHAMMER T. Exploring numerical approaches for pre-test progressive collapse assessment of RC frame structures[J]. Engineering Structures, 2020, 29(2):1-21. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.04.002
[31]	ZHANG Qiang, LI Yaozhuang. Experimental and modeling study on the progressive collapse resistance of a reinforced concrete frame structure under a middle column removal scenario[J]. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 2020, 29(2):1-21.
[32]	邸小坛, 田欣. 既有建筑安全性评定技术综述[J]. 建筑科学, 2011, 27(增1):131-132,183.
	DI Xiaotan, TIAN Xin. Review on the security evaluation technology of existing buildings[J]. Building Science, 2011, 27(S1):131-132,183.
[33]	程菁. 社区综合风险分析与研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳航空航天大学, 2016.
	CHENG Jing. Analysis and research on the comprehensive risk of community[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Aerospace University, 2016.
[34]	江杰, 汤娟, 甘雨, 等. 基于组合赋权法的建筑结构安全评价[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2021, 21(17):7278-7285.
	JIANG Jie, TANG Juan, GAN Yu, et al. Safety evaluation of building structure based on combination weighting method[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2021, 21(17):7278-7285.
[35]	唐浩, 谭川, 陈果. 桥梁健康监测数据分析研究综述[J]. 公路交通技术, 2014(5):99-104.
	TANG Hao, TAN Chuan, CHEN Guo. Overview of analysis and research on health monitoring data of bridges[J]. Technology of Highway and Transport, 2014(5):99-104.
[36]	李笑林, 杨璐, 许镇, 等. 建筑结构安全智能化监测研究现状及展望[J]. 土木工程与管理学报, 2021, 38(5):152-164.
	LI Xiaolin, YANG Lu, XU Zhen, et al. Research stastus and prospect of intelligent monitoring of structure safety[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2021, 38(5):152-164.
[37]	龚仕伟. 房屋结构安全监测研究[J]. 建筑电气, 2020, 39(12):37-41.
	GONG Shiwei. Research on safety monitoring of building structure[J]. Building Electricity, 2020, 39(12):37-41.
[38]	XIONG Chen, LU Xinzheng, GUAN Hong, et al. A nonlinear computational model for regional seismic simulation of tall buildings[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2016, 14(4):1047- 1 069.
[39]	孙楚津, 程庆乐, 曾翔, 等. 不同地震下的校园建筑震害与经济损失对比[J]. 工程力学, 2019, 36(增1):111-117,130.
	SUN Chujin, CHENG Qingle, ZENG Xiang, et al. Comparison of seismic damage and economic loss of campus buildings under different earthquakes[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2019, 36(S1):111-117,130.
[40]	李媛媛, 陈建国, 张小乐, 等. 基于建筑结构破坏的地震伤亡评估方法及应用[J]. 清华大学学报:自然科学版, 2015, 55(7):803-807,814.
	LI Yuanyuan, CHEN Jianguo, ZHANG Xiaole, et al. Structure destruction based earthquake casualty estimates[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University: Science and Technology, 2015, 55(7):803-807,814.
[41]	张红歌. BIM技术在既有建筑改造中的应用探究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2016.
	ZHANG Hongge. Application of renovation in existing buildings with BIM technology[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2016.
[42]	杨春蕾. BIM技术在既有建筑结构安全性鉴定中的应用研究[D]. 烟台: 烟台大学, 2019.
	YANG Chunlei. Research on the application of BIM technology in the safety identification of existing building structures[D]. Yantai: Yantai University, 2019.
[43]	HAMBURGER R O. FEMA P58 seismic performance assessment of buildings[R]. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2014.
[44]	IIDA M, IIBA M, KUSUNOKI K, et al. Seismic responses of two RC buildings and one wood building based on an input wave field[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2014, 15(6): DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000444. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622
[45]	IIDA M, IIBA M, KUSUNOKI K, et al. Relative seismic risk evaluation of various buildings based on an input wave field[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2017, 17(9): DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000967. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622
[46]	IIDA M. Three-dimensional nonlinear soil response methods based on a three-component input wave field[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2016, 16(1): DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000482. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622
[47]	张芸, 秦俊荣, 程自力. 我国CAE产业发展综述[J]. 中国科技信息, 2010(15):115-116.

软件	国家	功能特点
AutoCAD	美国	目前国际上非常流行的绘图工具,能够实现可视化的图形绘制过程,也提供多种方式的二次开发,被广泛应用于土木、电子、勘测等领域
REVIT	美国	我国建筑业建筑信息建模体系中使用最广泛的软件之一,适用于分析设计中的或未竣工的建筑
ArchiCAD	匈牙利	早期具有市场影响力的建模软件,在建筑领域应用广泛,可协助建筑师进行结构设计、分析与工程协同等
Tekla	芬兰	目前国内针对钢结构应用最为广泛的BIM软件,具有强大的钢结构辅助设计及施工管理功能
Bentley	美国	目前在国际上被广泛应用于基础设施、海洋石油、工业厂房等建设领域,具有内存小、速度快、操作便捷等特点

技术类别	技术内容	发展方式
结构建模与可视化	几何建模、网格生成、数据类型转换、界面交互、数据可视化、二次开发	功能集成
力学分析模型	材料模型、单元模型、分析类型、问题模型	功能集成
矩阵求解	矩阵存储、矩阵计算、快速重分析、并行求解	基础研发
耦合分析	多物理场耦合、多灾害耦合、跨学科数据融合	基础研发
安全性分析评估	指标提炼、风险评级、应急决策、智能监测	方法创新