考虑行人感知行为的应急疏散标志布局优化方法

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.06.1098

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 223-231.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.06.1098

考虑行人感知行为的应急疏散标志布局优化方法

何伟铭¹^,²^,³(), 刘少博¹^,²^,³^,^**(), 何静⁴, 毕淑婷¹^,²^,³

¹ 武汉理工大学智能交通系统研究中心,湖北武汉 430063
² 武汉理工大学水路交通控制全国重点实验室,湖北武汉 430063
³ 武汉理工大学三亚科教创新园,海南三亚 572000
⁴ 武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉 430070

收稿日期:2025-02-20 修回日期:2025-04-23 出版日期:2025-06-28
通信作者:
** 刘少博(1985—),男,河南洛阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事行人交通、应急疏散和交通仿真等方面的研究。E-mail: shaobo@whut.edu.cn。
作者简介:
何伟铭 (1996—),男,湖北监利人,硕士研究生,研究方向为应急疏散。E-mail: heweiming@whut.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52172308); 武汉市知识创新专项(2023010201010093)

An optimization method of emergency evacuation signage layout considering pedestrian perceptual behavior

HE Weiming¹^,²^,³(), LIU Shaobo¹^,²^,³^,^**(), HE Jing⁴, BI Shuting¹^,²^,³

¹ Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430063, China
² State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430063, China
³ Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya Hainan 572000, China
⁴ School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China

Received:2025-02-20 Revised:2025-04-23 Published:2025-06-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决应急疏散标志引导效率低下的问题,提出一种考虑行人感知行为的应急疏散标志布局优化方法。首先,探究标志的可识别范围和感知概率分布,建立行人对标志的感知行为模型;其次,结合多出口空间内的引导需求分布,构建考虑标志数量、位置和朝向的布局优化模型;最后,以某邮轮局部为案例,采用遗传算法进行求解,并通过人群疏散微观仿真分别评估标志布局优化前后的疏散效率。结果表明:行人初始位置随机分布时,与未优化布局相比优化布局下的平均疏散时间缩短10.3%;模拟实际疏散过程的场景下平均疏散时间缩短4.2%,且引导至不同目的地的行人数量更均衡。

关键词: 应急疏散标志, 布局优化, 感知行为, 引导需求, 疏散效率

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of low guidance efficiency of emergency evacuation signs, a layout optimization method of emergency evacuation signs considering pedestrian perceptual behavior was proposed. Firstly, the recognizable range and probability distribution of the signs were investigated to establish a model of pedestrians' perceptual behavior towards the signs; secondly, a layout optimization model was constructed considering the number, location and orientation of the signs by combining it with the distribution of the guidance demand in the multi-exit space; finally, a case study of a cruise ship was used, where a genetic algorithm is applied to solve the problem. The evacuation efficiency, both before and after the optimization of the signage layout, was evaluated through microscopic crowd evacuation simulation, respectively. The results show that the average evacuation time under the optimized layout is 10.3% shorter than that under the unoptimized layout when the pedestrians are randomly distributed at the initial position; the average evacuation time is 4.2% shorter under the scenario simulating the actual evacuation process, and the number of pedestrians guided to different destinations is more balanced.

Key words: emergency evacuation signage, layout optimization, perceptual behavior, guidance demand, evacuation efficiency

中图分类号:

X951交通运输安全

何伟铭, 刘少博, 何静, 毕淑婷. 考虑行人感知行为的应急疏散标志布局优化方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(6): 223-231.

HE Weiming, LIU Shaobo, HE Jing, BI Shuting. An optimization method of emergency evacuation signage layout considering pedestrian perceptual behavior[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(6): 223-231.

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考虑行人感知行为的应急疏散标志布局优化方法

An optimization method of emergency evacuation signage layout considering pedestrian perceptual behavior

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