可燃粉尘热稳定性研究进展

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.12.1228

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为预防和控制由可燃粉尘热量变化引发的火灾及爆炸事故,首先,通过分析国内外粉尘热稳定性相关文献,总结分析升温速率、惰性介质、粉尘粒径及其他因素对粉尘热稳定性的影响;然后,总结热分析仪与粉尘层最低着火温度试验装置、Godbert-Greenwald炉、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)等多仪器联用的现状;最后,总结常用的粉尘热分析动力学方法。结果表明:升温速率增大会造成粉尘热解出现一定的延迟,惰性介质使粉尘热稳定性增强且活化能提高,粒径较小粉尘颗粒的比表面积和表面活性通常更大、热解过程中释放能量更多。

关键词: 可燃粉尘, 热稳定性, 热分析, 升温速率, 粉尘粒径, 惰性介质

Abstract:

In order to prevent and control fire and explosion accidents triggered by the heat change of combustible dust, firstly, through analyzing the domestic and international literature related to dust thermal stability, the influence of heating rate, inert medium, dust particle size and other factors on dust thermal stability were summarized and analyzed. Then, the current status of the multi-instrument linkage between the thermal analyzer and the lowest ignition temperature test device of the dust layer, the Godbert-Greenwald furnace, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and other multi-instruments were summarized. Finally, the commonly used kinetic methods for dust thermal analysis were summarized. The results show that increasing the heating rate will cause a certain delay in the pyrolysis of dust, and the inert medium makes the dust more thermally stable and increases the activation energy, the specific surface area and surface activity of dust particles of smaller size are usually larger, and more energy is released during the pyrolysis process.

Key words: combustible dust, thermal stability, thermal analysis, heating rate, dust particle size, inert medium

吕鹏飞, 谷晓珂, 李公方, 赵静, 庞磊. 可燃粉尘热稳定性研究进展[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(12): 92-103.

LYU Pengfei, GU Xiaoke, LI Gongfang, ZHAO Jing, PANG Lei. Research progress on thermal stability of combustible dust[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(12): 92-103.

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方法及对应曲线	曲线横坐标含义	曲线纵坐标含义	曲线含义	方法特点
TG法-TG 曲线	温度或时间	质量或质量损失比例	质量随温度(或时间)的变化关系	应用范围广泛,有动态升温和静态恒温之分,通常在等速升温条件下进行
DTG法-DTG 曲线	温度或时间	质量损失率	质量损失率随温度(或时间)的变化关系	DTG曲线的峰值对应TG曲线变化率最大值,DTG曲线的峰面积越大则物质损失量越大
DTA法-DTA 曲线	温度或时间	试样与参比物的温度差	试样与参比物的温度差随温度(或时间)的变化关系	通过峰的位置、形状、个数、面积等确定试样特征转变温度和热量,计算动力学参数,反映试样的吸放热情况,峰面积对应反应的热效应
DSC法-DSC 曲线	温度或时间	能量变化率	试样与参比物的功率差随温度(或时间)的变化关系	分辨率、重现性及精度优于DTA法,用于测量物质的吸放热特性及热焓变化

作者		王秋红等^[4]	邓军等^[9]	POURETEDAL 等^[10]	周乐刚^[7]	陈玲等^[12]	SUN Hao 等^[8]	CHEN Yue 等^[13]
粉尘种类		煤粉尘	煤粉尘	金属粉尘	木粉尘	木粉尘	其他粉尘	其他粉尘
粉尘名称		崔木长焰煤	煤粉	镁粉	石松子粉	木粉	聚苯乙烯	赖氨酸硫酸盐
温度特性参数1	升温速率/(℃·min^-1)	5	2.5	5	5	5	5	5
	热失(增)重起始温度/℃	—	175.10	—	185	229.5	167	221.18
	峰值温度/℃	374.17	480.40	470.55	353	334.7	202	266
	热失(增)重终止温度/℃	574.17	600.20	—	546	—	227	—
温度特性参数2	升温速率/(℃·min^-1)	10	5	10	10	10	10	10
	热失(增)重起始温度/℃	—	251.42	—	200	234.5	174	240.71
	峰值温度/℃	384.23	532.42	490.24	383	361.0	215	284.5
	热失(增)重终止温度/℃	594.23	629.08	—	617	—	242	—
温度特性参数3	升温速率/(℃·min^-1)	15	10	15	15	20	20	15
	热失(增)重起始温度/℃	—	204.90	—	188	241.7	190	246.91
	峰值温度/℃	414.05	551.10	502.65	410	372.5	231	295
	热失(增)重终止温度/℃	624.05	689.80	—	645	—	251	—
温度特性参数4	升温速率/(℃·min^-1)	20	15	20	20	40	50	20
	热失(增)重起始温度/℃	—	225.4	—	233	243.9	211	253.18
	峰值温度/℃	424.59	574.00	511.74	449	387.3	249	304.7
	热失(增)重终止温度/℃	614.59	758.30	—	652	—	280	—

作者	粉尘种类	粉尘名称	惰化类型及惰化介质	惰化前粉尘热稳定性状态	惰化后粉尘热稳定性状态
LU Kunlun等^[14]	煤粉尘	煤粉	固体惰化- 碳酸氢钠	温度为482.32 ℃时,煤尘的最大热流29.37 mW/mg、放热量8 908 J/g	温度为513.35 ℃时,煤尘的最大热流12.22 mW/mg、放热量 2 868 J/g
王秋红等^[15]	金属粉尘	铝粉	固体惰化- MPP	突破氧化膜开始氧化的起始温度560.4 ℃,放热速率最大的温度612.5 ℃	突破氧化膜开始氧化的起始温度612.5 ℃,放热速率最大的温度644 ℃
员亚龙等^[16]	农副产品粉尘	糖粉	固体惰化- 聚磷酸铵	热解产物的残余量是0.71%	热解产物的残余量是16.06%
HUANG Chuyuan 等^[17]	木粉尘	木粉	固体惰化- 氢氧化锆	质量损失5%、10%、50%的温度分别为220、254 和334 ℃	质量损失5%、10%、50%的温度分别为229、259 和378 ℃
ZHOU Jianhua 等^[18]	其他粉尘	纳米聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯粉尘	固体惰化- ABC粉尘	粉尘爆炸的最高火焰温度 1 305 ℃	粉尘爆炸的最高火焰温度1 047 ℃
张洪铭^[20]	农副产品粉尘	玉米淀粉	气体惰化- 氮气	活化能179.04 kJ/mol	活化能246.67 kJ/mol
李畅等^[21]	金属粉尘	钛粉	气体惰化- 氮气	着火点718 ℃,最大增重速率温度915 ℃,最大放热效应温度822 ℃	着火点725 ℃,最大增重速率温度923 ℃,最大放热效应温度833 ℃
CHEN Yue等^[13]	其他粉尘	赖氨酸硫酸盐	气体惰化- 氮气	分解起始温度145 ℃,总失重率96.5%	分解起始温度155 ℃,总失重率84.1%

作者	粉尘种类	粉尘名称	粒径1/μm	粒径2/μm	热分析特性及燃爆风险变化(随粉尘粒径的减小)
毛晓飞等^[24]	煤粉尘	无烟煤粉	>90	>20	着火温度、燃尽温度减小,综合燃烧特性指数增大
陈攀^[19]	金属粉尘	钛粉	微米级	纳米级	着火点、最大增重速率温度、最大放热效应温度、表观活化能和指前因子减小,放热量增大
徐海顺等^[25]	农副产品粉尘	菌粉	中位径369	中位径311	第二和第三质量损失阶段菌粉的质量损失速率加快,爆炸危险性增大
MARKOVÁ等^[26]	木粉尘	木屑	125	<32	发生热分解的温度降低,爆炸风险增加
杨剑等^[27]	其他粉尘	叶红素干渣	中位径 339.7	中位径17.2	燃烧分解更完全,分解过程更快捷,释放的总能量密度、能量释放速率更大

作者	粉尘种类	粉尘名称	使用仪器(除热分析仪外)	研究目的
LIANG Yuntao等^[37]	煤粉尘	煤粉	FTIR仪	协助研究煤粉在好氧加热过程后的微观变化
王秋红等^[38]	金属粉尘	锆粉	粉尘云最低着火温度试验装置	研究ABC粉对锆粉的惰化机制
谢恬等^[39]	农副产品粉尘	玉米淀粉	粉尘云着火传播试验平台	研究粒径对粉尘云着火机制和燃烧行为的影响
ZHENG Liju等^[40]	木粉尘	木粉	TG-FTIR联用仪	研究MPP粉对木粉的抑爆机制
张小良等^[41]	其他粉尘	聚酰胺纤维粉尘	粉尘层最低着火温度试验装置、粉尘云最低着火温度试验装置	研究聚酰胺纤维粉尘爆炸危险性
ZHANG Gongyan等^[42]	其他粉尘	月桂酸和硬脂酸粉尘	Godbert-Greenwald恒温炉	研究热解和氧化特性对月桂酸和硬脂酸粉尘爆炸特性的影响